SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 129 



a. C. officinale L. Europe, widely nat. in U. S. Hound' s-tongue, 



Gypsy-flower, Dog' s-tongue. Dog-bur, Canadian Bur, Sheep- 

 lice, Tory -weed, Eose-noble; Ger, Hundszunge, Venusfinger; 

 Fr, Cynoglosse (Codex), Langue de chien. Root and herb 

 sedative, lenitive, expectorant. 



b. C. Vir^nicum L. Canada to Florida and Kansas. Wild 



Comfrey, Dog-bur. 



634. CYNOSCIADIUM, DC. Cynosciadium. Umbelliferae. 



From Greek, "dog celery". Small annuals. Two species, 

 both of southern U. S. 



635. CYPERUS, L. Galingale, Cypress-grass. Cyperaceae. 



The ancient Greek name. Syn. Pycreus, Papyrus, in part. 

 Sedges with umbellate or capitate inflorescence. About 650 

 species; 77 in U. S. 



a. C. articiilatlis L. Tropical regions. Adrue, Guinea Rush. 



Rhizome anti-emetic, carminative. 



b. C. escvilentus L. A widely distributed species, sometimes a 



troublesome weed. Nut-grass. Tubers, Earth-nut, Earth or 

 Ground Almond, Rush-nut, Chufa; Fr. Souchet comestible, 

 Amandes de terre; edible, rich in oil of agreeable flavor for 

 salad oil; roasted, a substitute for coffee. The American (c) 

 C. phymatodes Muhl. is referred by some to this species, but 

 its tubers are very small. 



d. C. longiis L. (C. officinalis T. Nees. ) Europe. English 

 Galingale (Galangal), Sweet Cyperus. Rhizome, Cypress-root, 

 tonic, stomachic, [(e) C. odoratus L. (Pycreus polystachys 

 Beauv. ) of India has similar properties in a more marked de- 

 gree.] 



f. C. Papyrus L. (Papyrus antiquorum Willd. ). Northeastern 

 Africa to Syria. Papyrus Sedge, Papyrus, Bullrush of Egypt. 

 Anciently known as Biblus, whence our word Bible. Formerly 

 used as we now use paper, that word being derived from Papy- 

 rus. [Similar but much smaller is the Umbrella plant 

 (g) C. alternifolius L., a common house plant] 



h. C. vagindtiis R. Br. (C. textilis F. Muell.). Australia and S. 

 Africa. A valuable flbre plant, used for making ropes> mats, 

 etc. ^ In China (i) C. tegetum Roxb. and in Hawaii (j) C. 

 laevigratus L. , Ehuawa, is cultivated for the same uses . 



636. CYPRIPEDIUM, h. Ladies -slipper. Orchidaceae. 



From Greek, "Venus' buskin". Perennial herbs with showy 

 flowers. About 40 species, temperate and tropical regions; 11 

 inU. S. 



a. C. aeaule Ait. Canada and northeastern U. S. Stemless 

 Ladies' -slipper, Pink or Purple Ladies' -slipper, Camel's-foot, 

 Whip-poor-will's-shoe. Other names applied indiscriminately 

 to our native species, except (b), are Moccasin-flower, Indian- 

 moccasin, American or Wild Valerian, Nerve-root, Noah's-ark, 

 Indian-shoe, Squirrel-shoes, Venus'-shoe, Ducks, Old-goose,. 

 Two-lips. 



