SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR 185 



967. HELIANTHEMUM,Pers. Eock-rose, etc. Cistaceae. 

 From Greek, "sun flower", the flowers opening only in sun- 

 shine. Syn. Cistus, in part. Woody herbs or low shrubs. 

 About 125 species, mostly in warmer regions; 10 in U. S. 



a. H. Canadense (L. ) Michx. (C. Canadensis L. ). Maine to N. 

 Carolina and Kentucky and west to Wisconsin. Frostwort, 

 Frost-weed, Frost plant. Long-branched Frost-weed, Canadian 

 Eock-rose, Sun-rose. Scrofula plant; Ger. Canadisches Sonnen- 

 roschen; Fr. Heliantheme du Canada. Herb, astringent, altera- 

 tive. 



"b. H. Helianthemiim (L. ) Karst. (C. Helianthemum L., H. vul- 

 gareGaert. ). Europe. European Eock-rose, Sol-flower, Sun 

 Daisy, Sun-rose. Properties of (a). 



968. HELIANTHUS, L. Sunflower Compositae. 



From Greek, "sun flower", appropriately so named. Annual 

 or perennial robust herbs with showy yellow flowers. Aboui 

 60 species, New World; 48 in U. S. 



a. H. annuiis L. Mexico, Texas and northward to the Saskatche- 



wan, also cult, in gardens and for its seeds. Sunflower, Com- 

 mon or Garden Sunflower, Comb-flower, Gloden, Gold, Larra- 

 bell, Wallflower*. Seeds yield a bland fixed oil and are used 

 for feeding poultry and stock. Pith for moxas. Growing plant 

 anti-malarial. 



b. H. tuberosus L. British America, south to Georgia and Arkan- 



sas, also commonly cult. Jerusalem Artichoke ("Jerusalem" 

 is a corruption of Italian girasole meaning sun flower), Earth- 

 apple, Canada Potato; Ger. Erdapfel, Erdartischocke; Fr. 

 Topinambour. Tubers esculent. Less cultivated in Europe 

 than since the introduction of the potato. Several other spe- 

 cies have tuberous root-stocks that might be developed by 

 cultivation. Thoseof(c)H. giganteiis tuberosus (Bourg.) 

 Brit, are sometimes used for food. .^_^ 



969. HELICHRYSUM, VaiU. Immortelle. Compositae. 



r From Greek, "sun gold". Syn. Elichrysum. Herbaceous 

 or shrubby plants, the flower heads having scariose colored 

 bracts and so "everlasting" . About 275 species, Old World, 

 mostly of S. Africa. 



a. H. orientale Gaertn. Crete. Everlasting; Fr. Immortelle 

 (the most familiar name) ; Ger. Strohblume. More common in 

 our gardens is the Australian (b) H. liicidum Henckel (H. 

 bracteatum Willd. ). Other Immortelles of the gardens are (c) 

 Helipterum Manglesii F. Muell. (Rhodanthe Manglesii 

 Lindl. ) and (d) Ammobium alatum E. Br., both from Aus- 

 tralia. 



970. HELICTERES, L. Screw-tree. Sterculiaceae. 



From Greek, "twisted", of the carpels. Trees or shrubs., 

 About 40 species, warmer regions of both hemispheres. 



