SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 239 



a. M. officiuarnin L. (M. officinalis Mill,, M. vernalis Bertol., 

 A. Mandragora L. , Ed. 10). Mandrake (of Scripture), Euro- 

 pean Mandrake, Mandrake Apple, Mandragora, Devil's Apple; 

 Ger. Alraunwurzel, Schlafapfel; Fr. Mandragora. Rout nar- 

 cotic. 



1275. MANGIFERA, L. Mango. Auacardiaceae. 



From Latin, "Mango bearing". Syn. Mangas, Adans., 

 Manga, Noronha. Trees. About 30 species, tropical Asia. 

 (a) M. Indica L. Southern Asia, cult, in all tropical countries. 

 Mango tree. Bark astringent. Fruil esculent. 



1276. MANIHOT, Adans. Cassava, etc. Eupliorbiaceae. 



Vernacular name, S. America. Syn. Jatropha L., Janipha, 

 H. B. K. , Mandioca, Link . Herbs or shrubs. About 80 species, 

 warmer regions of New World; 2 in U. S. 



a. M. Glaziovii J. Muell. Ceara, Brazil. Source of Ceara rubber. 



See Hevea. 



b. M. Manihot (L. ) Lyons ( Jat. Manihot L., Jan. Manihot Kunth, 



M. utilissima Pohl). Brazil, now cult, in all tropical coun- 

 tries. Manioc (Mandioc, Maniocca), Cassava, Bitter Cassava, 

 Tapioca plant. Starch obtained from the fleshy roots is Tapioca, 

 Brazilian Arrowroot, Cassava meal, Amylum manihot; Ger. 

 Cassavastarke, Tapiocca; Fr. Tapioka (Codex). Tapioca is 

 obtained also from (c) M. Carthagineiisis J. Muell. (Jat. 

 Janipha L. ). 



d. M. palmata (Veil.) J. Muell. (Jat. palmata Vell.,M. Aipi 

 Pohl, Jat. dulcis Gmel. ). Tropical S. America. Aipi, Sweet 

 Cassava. Root farinaceous, comparatively free from poisonous 

 properties. 



1277. MARANTA, L. Arrowroot plant. Marantaceae. 



Named for B. Maranta, Venetian botanist, 16th century. 

 Herbs from fleshy rhizomes. About 15 species, tropical 

 America. 



a. M, anmdinacea L. Tropical America and West Indies. [The 

 species probably includes (b) M. Indica Tussac, source of the 

 Natal and East Indian arrowroot]. Arrowroot plant (properly 

 aru-root, aruaru being a Brazilian word for flour). Starch 

 from the rhizomes is Bermuda or True Arrowroot; Amylum 

 marantfe; Ger. Pfeilwurzelmehl, Maiantastarke; Fr. Arrowroot 

 de la Jamaique (Codex)). Arrowroot is also procured from 

 some other gpecies, as also from the allied Canna and Curcuma. 



1278. MARASMIUS, Fries. Champignon. Hymenomycetes. 



From Greek, "withering". Syn. Agaricus, in part. Fungi 

 with a tough leathery pileus, some edible. About 300 species. 



a. M. Oreades, (Bolt.) Fries (A. Oreades Bolt.). Champignon, 

 Fairy-ring Mushroom (Champignon is the French word for 

 Mushroom). Fungus esculent. 



1279. MARGARANTHUS, Schlecht. Solanaceae. 



From Greek, "pearl flower". Syn. Physalis, in part. 

 Herbs resembling Physalis. About 3 species, Texas to Arizona. 



