240 PLANT XAMES AND SYNONYMS 



1280. MARIAiSA, Hill 1762. Milk Thistle. Compositae. 



Syn Silybum Adans. 1763; Carduus, in part. A coarse 

 prickly herb. One species, Mediterranean region. 



a. M. Mariana (L.) Hill (S. MarianumGsertn. (Kew), C. Marianus 

 L. ). Mediterranean region, adv. in U. S. Milk Thistle, 

 Virgin Mary's Thistle, Our Lady's Thistle, Lady's or Holy 

 Thistle, Lady's-milk; Ger. Steckkorner, Frauendistel; Fr. 

 Chardon Marie. Fruit, Fructus silybi, Sem. cardui raarise; 

 expectorant, tonic. 



1281. MAKRtJBIUM, L. Hoarhound. Labiatae. 

 Name middle Latin, of uncertain origin. Perennial herbs. 



About 40 species, temperate regions of Old World. 



a. M. vulgare L. Europe and Asia, nat. in U. S. Hoarhound, 

 Horehound (Herehoune, Horhowne, Horone), Common Hoar- 

 hound, Houndbene, MarvelJ, MawrollJ; Ger. Weisser Andorn, 

 Andornki-aut; Fr. Marrube blanc (Codex); Sp. Marrubia. 

 Leaves and tops; MarrulDium, U. S. P., Herba marrubii (albi); 

 expectorant, laxative, deobstruent, carminative. 



1282. MARSDENIA, E. Br. Condurango. Asclepiadaceae. 



Syn. Gonolobus, in part. Shrubs or shrubby climbers. 

 About 60 species, tropical regions. 



a. M. Ciindiirdngo Nichols, not Reich. (G. Cundurango Triana). 

 S. America. This species is cited by the German Pharma- 

 copoeia as the source of Condurango. That name, meaning 

 Eaglevine, is applied in South America to at least ten different 

 plants. Dr. Ruschenberger names the plant yielding the white 

 Condurango of Peru, Pseiismagennetiis Equatoriensis, locally 

 known as Cundurango bianco or Mata perro (i. e. dog killer). 

 Bark, Cortex Condurango, P. G., reputed alterative. 



1283. MARSHALLIA, Schreb. ]\[arshallia. Compositae. 



Named for Humphrey Marshall of Pennsylvania. Syn. 

 Athanasia, in part. Perennial smooth herbs with discoid flower- 

 heads. Four known species, central and southern U. S. 



1284. MARTYNIA, L. Martyiiiaceae (Pedal iaceae). 



Named for Prof. John Martyn, English botanist, d. 1768. 

 Cx)arse, viscid herbs, with beaked capsule. About 10 species, 

 warmer regions of New World; 3 in U. S. 



a. M. Louisiana Mill. [M. proboscidea Glox. -(Kew)]. Iowa 

 and Illinois, southward, adv. in northern states. Elephant' s- 

 trunk, Unicorn-plant, Devil' s-claw, Double-claw, Martinoe, 

 Mouse-bur, Toe-nails. [In Mexico a name meaning "Devil's- 

 claw" is given to the clinging hooked fruits of some species.] 



1286. MATRICARIA, L. Camomile. Compositae. 



From Latin matrix, "womb", alluding to supposed medici- 

 nal properties. Syn. Chrysanthemum, Chamomilla, Pyreth- 

 rum, Santolina, in part. Herbs with dissected leaves; flower 

 heads commonly with white rays. About 20 species, northern 

 hemisphere and Africa; 3 native in U. S. 



