SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 291 



a. P. vulgaris L. Xorthern Europe, Asia and X . America, south 

 to Xew York and Minnesota. Butterwort, Bog Violet, Marsh 

 Violet, Earning-orrass (i. e. Curdling-grass), Bean- weed. Rot- 

 grass, Sheep-rot, Sheep-weed, Sheep-root, Steep-grass, York- 

 shire Sanicle. 



1«00. PINITES, Goep.. Pinites. Pinaceae. 



A genus of extinct plants known only by their fossil remains. 

 (a) P. succinifer Goeppert (Pitoxylumsucciniferum Kraus), 

 The principal source of the Baltic Amber, a fossil resin; Suc- 

 cinum, Ambra flava; Ger. Bernstein, Agstein; Fr. Succin, 

 Ambre jaune. 



1601. PINUS, L. - - Pine. - - Pinaceae. 



The Latin name, of Celtic origin. Evergreen trees with 

 needle-like leaves. About 70 species, northern hemisphere: 39 

 m U. S. 



a. P. Cembra L. European Alps and northern Asia. Siberian 

 Stone-pine, Swiss Stone-pine, Siberian Cedar. Seeda, Cembra 

 nuts, Pine nuts, Zibel nuts; edible and rich in oil. Exudate is 

 Riga balsam or Carpathian balsam. The Stone Pine of south- 

 ern Europe, (b) P. Pi'iiea L., yields also edible nuts. Pine 

 nuts; Fr. Pignons, Ital. Pinocchi. 



American species yielding edible seeds are (c) P. edulis 

 Engelm,, Texas to Arizona, Xew Mexico Piny on (Sp. piiion); 

 (d) P. cembroides Zucc, Arizona to Mexico, Stone-seed 

 Piny on; (e) P. mouophjlla Torr. & Frem., Nevada Xut- 

 pine. Soft-shelled Piny on; (f) P. Parryana Engelm., south- 

 ern and lower California, and (g) P. Sabiiiiana Uougl., Gray- 

 leaf Pine, Digger Pine, Nut Pine, the last formerly supplying 

 the chief food of some of the aborigines. 



h. P. Lambertiaiia Dougl. Mountains of California and north- 

 ward. Crreat Sugar-pine, Sugar Pine, Giant Pine, Shake Pine. 

 The king of Pines, only surpassed in size by the giant Sequoia. 

 Tree yields a saccharine exudate. 



i. P. paliistris Mill. (P. australisMichx. ). Virginia to Florida 

 and Texas. Long-leaved Pine, Georgia Pine, Southern or 

 Swamp Pine, Broom Pine, Fat Pine, Florida or Virginia Pine, 

 Georgia or Texas Yellow Pine, Southern or Yellow Pitch-pine, 

 Southern Haixi Pine. Long-straw Pine, Turpentine Pine, Yel- 

 low Pine, White-rosin tree. Resinous exudate is White Turpen- 

 tine, Turpentine gum or American Thus, from which is obtain- 

 ed oil of turpentine and resin (Kesma, U. S. P., Rosin, Colo- 

 phony). Timber hard, compact and durable. 



]. P. Pinaster Solander (P. maritima Poir. ). Southern Europe. 

 Cluster Pine, Pinaster. Source of most of the French turpen- 

 tine. The crude product, Bordeaux turpentine, is known in 

 commerce as gallipot. From (k) P. Halepensis Mill. (P. 

 maritima Lamb ), the Aleppo Pine, is obtained in Provence the 

 Aleppo turpentine. From the resinous (1) P. Laricio Poir. 

 of southern Europe, the Corsican Pine, is obtained the Austrian 

 turpentine. From (m) P. Puniilio Haenke of central Europe 

 is obtained Hungarian turpentine, Balsamum hungaricura, also 

 a volatile oil called Oleum templinum; Grer. Krummholzol, 

 Latschenol. 



