SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 293 



g. P. UIgriim L. India, cult, in many tropical countries. Black 

 Pepper plant. Unripe fruit, Black Pepper, Common Pepper; 

 Piper. U. S. P., Piper Nigrum, Br.; Ger. Schwarzer Pfefler; 

 Fr. Poivre noir (Codex); Sp. Pimienta negra. White Pepper, 

 Piper album, is the fruit deprived of epicarp and sarcocarp. 

 Antiperiodic, counter-irritant, chiefly used as a stomachic stimu- 

 lant and condiment; source of piperine, 



h. P. Novae- HoUaiidae Miq. Australia. Australian Pepper. 

 Fruit a powerful stimulant of the mucous membrane. 



i. P. peMtiim L. and ( j ) P. uuibellatum L. Tropical America. 

 Both plants called Caapeba and Periparabo, in the West Indies 

 Lizard's- tail and Ass' -foot. Rhizomes diuretic. Leaves discu- 

 tient. 



1003. PIRKJUETA, Aubl. Piriqueta. Tunieraceae. 



Syn. Turnera, in part. Herbs or shrubs. About 20 species, 

 mostly of S. America, a few in Africa; 1 in U. S. 



1604. PIS6nIA, L. Cock-spur, etc. Nyctagiiiaceae. 



Named for Dr. William Piso, traveler in Brazil,* 17tli Century. 

 Trees or shrubs with corky wood. About 60 species, mainly of 

 tropical America and Pacific Islands; 3 in U. 8. 



a. P. aciileata L. Tropical America to southern Florida. Cock- 



spur, Fingrigo, used for hedges. 



b. P. obtusata Jacq. Tropical America to southern Florida. 



Beef-wood, Corkwood-, Loblolly tree. 



1605. PISTACIA,L. Pistachio, Turpentine tree. Aiiacardiaceae. 



From the ancient Greek name. Trees. About 8 species, 

 north temperate zone. 



a. P. Leutiscus L. Mediterranean basin. Mastic tree. Balsam 

 tree, Lentisk, Lentiscus. Resinous exudate, Mastic (Mastich), 

 Scio Mastic; Mastiche, U. S. P., Br., Mastix, Resinamasticbe; 

 Ger. Mastix; Fr. Mastic; masticatory (hence the name), used 

 for map- varnish, etc. The Algerine or Barbarv Mastic is de- 

 rived from (b) P. Atlaiitica Desf., Bombay Mastic from (c) 

 P. iniitica F. & M. (P. Cabulica Stokes ) and (d) P. Khinjuk 

 Stocks, northeastern India to Persia and Egypt. 



e. P. Terebinthus L. (P. terebinthina St. Lag. ). Mediterranean 



basin and eastwai-d. Turpentine tree. Resinous exudate, Chian 

 Turpentine, Cyprian or Scio Turpentine, Alk, Alk gum, 

 Terebinthina chia v. cypria. Has been recommended in can- 

 cer. 



f. P, vera L. (P. terebinthus Mill., notL. ). Southern Europe to 



Persia. Pistachio-nut tree. /Seef/s, Pistachio-nut, Bladder-nut; 

 Ger. Pimperniisse, Pistacien; esculent. 



1606. PISTIA, L. - Water-Lettuce. - Araceae. 

 From Greek, liquid, alluding to habitat. A floating water 



plant. One species, widely distributed in tropical regions 

 (U. S.). (a) P. stratiotes L. (with numerous svnonyms), 

 West Indian Water-lettuce, Tropical Duckmeat or Duckweed. 



