SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 299 



Other species of interest are (k) P. cruciata, eastern U.S., 

 Cross-leaved Milkwort, Marsh Milkwort or Polygala, Drum- 

 heads; (1) P. iiicarnata L., eastern U. S. to Mexico, Pink 

 Milkwort, (American) Rogation-flower, Procession-flower; 

 (m) P. Intea L., eastern l\ S., Orange Milkwort, Wild 

 Bnch dor's- buttons. Yellow Milkwort or Polygala; (n) P. Ser- 

 pen taria Eck. & Zey., South Africa, root regarded an alexi- 

 pharmic; (o) P. veneiiosa Jnss., Java, acrid and poisonous, 

 and (p) P. vulgaris L., Europe, European Milkwort, Cross- 

 flower, Four-sisters, Gang-flower, Procession-flower, Rogation- 

 flower, Robin's-eye. 



1639. P0LYG0NATU3l,Adans. Solomon' s-seal.Couvallarlaeeae. 

 The Greek name, "many jointed". Syn. Convallaria, in 



part. Herbs with scarred rootstocks. About 20 species, north 

 temperate zone; 2 in U. S. 



a. P. biflorum (Walt.) EH. (C. biflora Walt.). Ontario and 



eastern IJ. S. Hairy or Twin-flowered Solomon' s-seal. Dwarf 

 Solomon' s-seal or Seal wort, Conquer-John . Rhizome of this and 

 of ( b ) collected in America as Solomon' s-seal . 



b. P. comniutatiim (R. &S. ) Dietr. (P. giganteum Dietr. (Kew), 



C. commutata R. c^ S. ). Canada to Georgia, west to Louisiana 

 and Utah. Great Solomon' s-seal. Giant or Smooth Solomon's 

 seal, Sealwort, Drop-berry. 



c P. multifloriiui (L. ) All. (C. multiflora L. ). Europe and 

 Asia. Many-flowered »Solomon' s-seal ^., David' s-harp, .Jacob's- 

 ladder, Ladder-to-heaven, Scala coeii, Lily-of-the mountain, 

 Fraxinelle, Drop-berry, Whitewort. Rhizome of this and of 

 (d), Solomon' s-seal (of Europe), Our-Lady' s-seal. Lady' s-seal, 

 Seal-of-heaven, White-root; Ger. Weisswurzel, Salomon's- 

 siegel; Fr. Sceau de Salomon; formerly reputed to possess mar- 

 velous healing virtues. 



d. P. offleiuale (L. ) All. (C. oflBcinalis L., C. Polygonatum L., 

 P. vulgare Desf. ). Europe and Asia. True Solomon'.s-seal, 

 Sealwort, with synonyms of ( c) ; Fr. Sceau de Salomon ( ( 'odex ) . 



1640. POLYOONELLA, Michx. Jointweed. Polyg:oiiaeeae. 



Latin, dim. of "Polygonum". Syn. Polygonum, (jonopy- 

 rum, in part. Herbs with jointed stems. About 8 species, all 

 ofU. S. (a) P. articiilata (L. ) Meisn., Coast Jointweed, is 

 called also Sand-grass. 



1641. POLYGONUM, L. Knotweed, etc. Polygon aceae. 



The Greek name, meaning "many jointed'', ^yn. Listorta, 

 in part. Herbs, some shrubby, with spiked, raeemed or capitate 

 inflorescence. About 200 species, 66 in U. S. 



a. P. ampllibium L. Europe and British America, south to 



Kentucky, Colorado and California. Water Persicaria, Willow- 

 weed, Willow-grass, Ground Willow, Red-shanks, Hearts- ease*. 



b. P. arifoliiim L. Canada and northea.stern U. S. Halberd- 



leaved Tear-thumb, Scratch-grass, Sickle-grass. The latter 

 names apply also to (c) P. sagitatiiiii I^., Arrow-leaved 

 Tear- thumb, a more common species. 



