SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 373 



2007. TOFIELDIA, Huds. False Asphodel. Melanthaceae. 



Named for Mr. Tofield, English botanist of 18th Century, 

 Syn. Melanthium, Narthecium, in part. Perennial herbs with 

 small flowers in a terminal spike. About 15 species, north tem- 

 perate zone and S. America; 6 in U . S. 



a. T. paliistris Huds. Europe, northern Asia and British Amer- 

 ica, south to Lake Superior. Scottish Asphodel, False Aspho- 

 del, Lamb-lily. 



2008. TOLUIFERA, L. 1742, not Lour. 1790. Papilionaceae. 



From Latin, "tolu-bearing". Syn. Myroxylon (Kew), L. f. 

 1781; Myrospermum Jacq., in part. Trees or shrubs, natives 

 of tropical America. 



a. T. Pereirae (Royle) Baill. (Myrospermum Pareirae Eoyle, 



M. Sonsonatense Pereira, Myroxylon Pereirae Klotsch (Kew), 

 T. Balsamum var. Pereirae H. Br. ). San Salvador. Peru- 

 balsam tree. Balsamic exudate Balsam of Peru, Peru-balsam; 

 Balsamum Peruvianum, U. S. P., Br., P. G., Balsamum 

 indicum, Balsamum peruvianum nigrum; Ger. Perubalsam, 

 Indischer Balsam; Fr. Baume de Peru noir, Baume San Salva- 

 dor, Baume de Sansonate (Codex); Sp. Balsamo negro; stimu- 

 lant, antiseptic, vulnerary. 



b. T. Peruifera (L. fils. ) Baill. (Myrox.PeruiferumL. fils (Kew), 



Myrosp. Peruiferum DC, Myrox. pedicellatum Klotzsch). 

 Brazil. Yields a balsam similar to balsam of Peru. 



-c. T. Balsamum L. (Myrox. toluiferum Kunth (Kew), Myrosp. 

 toluiferum A. Rich., Myrox. punctatum Klotzsch). Vene- 

 zuela and New Granada. Tolu-balsam tree (Prof. Baillon be- 

 lieves that both Peru-balsam and Tolu-balsam are products of 

 this species, obtained by different processes). Balsamic exudate, 

 Balsamum Tolutanum, U. S. P., Br., Balsamum indicum 

 siccum, Balsamum americanura; Ger. Tolubalsam; Fr. Baume 

 de Tolu (Codex) Baume de Carthagene; Sp. Balsame de Tolu, 

 Balsame bianco. Properties of balsam of Peru, but less active. 

 Chiefly used in cough syrups and in pastilles for burning. 



<i. T. punctata Baill. (Myrox. punctatum Klotzsch, Myrosp. 

 balsamiferum R. & Pav.). Peru. Quino-quino tree. Prob- 

 ably the same as (c). 



2008^. TONELLA, Nutt. Tonella. Scrophulariaceae. 



Annual herbs. Two species, in western U. S. 



2009. T0URNEF6RTIA,L.False Heliotrope, etc. Bora^iuaceae. 

 Named for Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French botanist, d. 



1708. Trees or shrubs, related to Heliotropium. About 100 

 species, warmer regions; 21 in U. S. 



2009^. TOWNSENDIA, Hook. Townsendia. Compositae. 



Named for David Townsend, botanist of Philadelphia. Tuf- 

 ted herbs with large radiate flower-heads. About 17 species, 

 N. America; 16 in southwestern U. S. 



