374 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 



2010. TOXICODl&NDRUM, Thunb. Euphorbiaceae. 



From Greek, ''poison tree '. Syn. Hyaenanche Lamb. 1797 

 (Hyaenachne). Poisonous shrubs. Two species, South Africa, 

 (a) T. Capense Thunb. (H. Capensis Pers.). S. Africa. 

 Fruit used to poison hyenas. 



2011. t6XYL0N, Raf. Osage Orange. Moraceae. 

 From Greek, "bow-wood". Syn. ^laclura (Kew), in part. 



A thorny tree with foliage like the orange. One species, south- 

 central U. S. 



a. T. pomiferum Raf. (T. Madura Raf. Madura aurantiaca 

 Nutt.). Missouri to Texas and cult, as a hedge plant. Osage 

 Orange, Osage, Osage Apple, North American Bow-wood, 

 Bois d'arc, BowdarkJ, Bodark|, Hedge plant. Yellow-wood. 

 Leaves, food of silkworm. Boot yields a yellow dye. 



2012. TRACHELOSPERMIIM, Lem. Apocynaceae. 



From Greek, "neck seed", but the name seems not appropri- 

 ate. Syn. Echites, Forsteronia, in part. Twining woody 

 vines or shrubs. About 6 species, Asia and N. America; 1 

 in U. S. 



2013. TRACHYL6BIUM,Hayne.ChacazeCopal.Caesalpiiiaceae. 

 From Greek, "rough pod" . Syn. Hymen sea, in part. Tree. 



One species, tropical Africa. (a) T. HornemanniAniim 

 Hayne. Eastern Africa. Zanzibar Copal tree. Yields a Copal 

 called Chacaze Copal or JackassJ Copal. 



2014. TRADESCANTIA, L. Spiderwort. Commelinaceae. 



Named for John Tradescant, gardener to Charles 1. Peren- 

 nial herbs generally with linear leaves and rather showy flowers. 

 About 35 species. New World; 16 in U. S. (a) T. Virginiana 

 L. New York to Kentucky, west to Arkansas and S. Dakota. 

 Common Spiderwort, Spider Lily*, Trinity Violet. 



2015. TRAGIi, L. Tragia. Euphorbiaceae. 



Named for H. Bock, called also Tragus, German botani>t, d. 

 1553. Monoecious herbs, shrubs or climbers wdih stinging 

 hairs. About 50 species, mostly tropical, 5 in U. S. 



2016. TRA00f6G0N, L. Salsify, etc. Cichoriaceae. 



From Greek, "goat's beard", alluding to the pappus. Herbs 

 with fleshy tap-root and large heads of yellow or purple flowers. 

 About 35 species. Old World. 



a. T. porrifolins L. Europe, widely cult. , adv. in U. S. Oyster 



plant. Oyster-root, Vegetable- oyster. Salsify (Salsafy), Jerusa- 

 lem-star, Nap-at-noon, Purple Goat's- beard. Boot esculent. 



b. T. prat^nsis L. Europe, nat. in U. S. Meadow Salsify, 



Buck's-beard, Go-to-bed-at-noon, Noon-flower, Noon-tide, Noon- 

 day-flower, Jack-by-the-hedge, Joseph' s-flower. Shepherd' s- 

 clock, Star-of- Jerusalem, Yellow Goat' s-beard. Boot esculent. 



2017. TRAPA, L. Water- caltrop. Trapaceae. 

 Abbreviated from Latin CaJcitrapa, a "caltrop". Aquatic 



herbs producing farinaceous seeds (nuts). Three species, Old 

 World. 



