SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 387 



a. V. raceinosa (L.) Morong (S. racemosa Desf. (Kew), C. race- 

 mosa L. ). British America, south to Georgia, Missouri and 

 Arizona. False Solomon' s-seal, Wild Spikenard, False Spike- 

 nard, Small or Zigzag Solomon' s-seal, Golden-seal*, Job's-tears*. 



2077. VALERIANA, L. Valerian. Yalerianaceae. 



From Latin vaLere, to be * 'strong". Syn. Phu, Kupp. 

 Strong-scented perennial herbs. About 175 species, north tem- 

 perate zone and S. America; 10 in U. S. 



a. y. Celtica L. Alps of Europe. Celtic Nard or Spikenard. 



Root^ Nard us, Spica celtica, valued in the Orient for its perfume. 

 See Nardostachys. 



b. V. ^dulis Nutt. British America, south to Ohio and Arizona. 



Edible Valerian, Tobacco-root, Oregon Tobacco. iJoo^ used by 

 aborigines as food. 



c V. officinalis L. (V. angustifolia Tausch, V. sambuci folia 

 Mikan. ). Europe and Asia, adv. in U. S. Valerian, called 

 in America Garden Valerian, in Europe Great Wild Valerian; 

 Cat's Valerian, Common Valerian, All-heal, Cut-heal, Selwall 

 (originally applied to Zedoary, and only another form of the 

 saiue name). Hardy or Summer Heliotrope, Herb bennet. Van- 

 dal root; Ger. Baldrian; Fr. Valeriane officinale. The root 

 Valeriana, U. S. P., Valerianae Khizoma Br., Eadix Vale- 

 riana;, P. G., Radix Valerianae minoris; antispasmodic, ner- 

 vine, (d) V. Mexiciua DC. and (e) Y. Toluccana DC. of 

 Mexico, also (f) V. Sitchensis Bong, of Alaska and several 

 other species have like properties. 



g. V. Phu L. Western Asia and Southern Europe. Large Gar- 

 den Valerian, Spikenard of Crete. Root^ Kadix valerians 

 majoris, inferior to that of (c). 



h. V. sylvatica Banks (V. dioica Pursh, not L.). British Amer- 

 ica, south to New York, Michigan and Arizona. Wood Vale- 

 rian, Swamp or Marsh Valerian (these names in Europe applied 

 to (i) y. dioica L.), American Wild Valerian. 



2078, VALERIANELLA, Poll. Corn-Salad, etc. Yalerianaceae. 



Latin, diminutive of '^ Valerian". Syn. Fedia, Locusta, Riv., 

 Valeriana, in pan. Dichotomously branched annuals. About 

 50 cpecies, northern hemisphere, especially Mediterranean 

 region; 7 in U. S. 



a. y. Locusta (L.)Bettke ( Valerianella olitoria Poll. (Kew), 

 L. con)niunisDelarb.,V. Locusta and var. olitoria L.). Europe 

 to middle Asia and northern Africa, nat. in U. S. European 

 Corn-Salad, Lamb's Lettuce, Milk-gras.«, White Pot-herb; Ger. 

 Ackersalat; Fr. Maohe. Leaves, called Fetticus, used for salad. 

 The American (b) Y. radiata ( L. ) Dufr. ( F. radiata Michx.), 

 Beaked Corn-^aladg, is also called Lamb's Lettuce. 



2079. YALERIANOiDES, Medic. 1789. ^ Yerbenaceae. 



From (rreek, **V^alenan-like". Syn. Stachytarpheta. Vahl. 

 1805 (Stachytarpha), Abena.Neck. 1790, Vermicularia, Moench 

 1802. Herbs or s^hrubs resembling Vervain. About 45 species, 

 warmer regions, especially of 2s'ew World. 



