394 PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS 



a. T. blfinda Willd. British America, south to N. Carolina aid 



California. Sweet White Violet, American Sweet Violet. 



b. V. Canadensis L. Canada, south to N. Carolina, Nebrasa 



and Arizona. Canada Violet, American Sweet Violet, Juie- 



c. V. ciicnlldta Ait. Canada and eastern U. S. Common Blie 



Violet, Meadow or Hooded Blue Violet. In common wih 

 other species, called also Johnny-jump-up*, and the flowers (I7 

 children) Chicken-fighters and Roosters. 



d. V. odorata L. Europe and northern Asia, cult, and adv. ii 



U. S. English Violet, Marsh or Sweet Violet; Ger. Marzviel- 

 chen; Fr. Violette odorante (Codex); Sp. Violeta. Flowen 

 fragrant, reputed refrigerant and lenitive. 



e. . V. pedata L. Ontario and eastern U. S. Bird's-foot Violet; 

 Crow-foot, Horse, Horseshoe, Sand, Snake or Wood Violet, 

 American Pansy, Johnny-jump-up, Velvets (applied particularly 

 to var. bicolor). Fresh plunt (formerly official U. S. P. ) reputed 

 emollient, laxative, etc. 



f. V, tricolor L. Europe and northern Asia; cult, and adv. in U. S, 

 Pansy, Heart's-ease, Lady's-delight, Garden or Trinity Violet, 

 Battle-field flower, Biddy's-eyes, Cat's-faces, Cupid' s-delight, 

 Fancy, Flamy, Garden-gate, Heart's- pansy. Herb-trinity, 

 Johnny-jump-up, Johnny-jumper, Kisses, Kiss-me, Love-in- 

 idleness (Shakespere), Monkey's- face, None-so-pretty j. Step- 

 mother; Ger. Stiefmiitterchen, Freisamkraut, Dreifaltigkeits- 

 kraut, le-langer-ie-lieber; Fr. Pensee sauvage (Codex); Sp. 

 Trinitaria. The wild-grown flowering herb (oflicial in 

 U. S. P. 1880); Herba violae tricoloris, P. G., jaceEe, H. trini- 

 tatis, alterative, discutient. 



2103. VIROLA, Aubl. Virola. Myristicaceae. 



Trees, the species referred by many botanists to Myristica. 

 About 10 species, tropical S. America. 



a. V. sebifera Aubl. (M. sebifera Swz. ). Guiana. Malagueto de 

 montana (Panama). Seeds Bource of Virola tallow, called also 

 Ocuba wax, used for candles, etc. 



2104. VISCARIA, Roehl. Campion. Caryophyllaceae^ 



From Latin, "glutinous". Syn. Lychnis, in part. Herbs. 

 About 6 species, north temperate and arctic zones; 1 in U. S. 

 (a) V. Alpina (L. ) Roehl. (L. AlpinaL.). Northern Europe, 

 Asia and N. America. Red Alpine Campion. 



2106. yiSCUM, L. - Mistletoe. - Lorauthaceae. 



The ancient Latin name, from Greek. Shrubby parasites. 

 About 30 species, warm and temperate regions, Old World. 



a. V. dlbum L. Europe, growing often on apple, pear or plum trees. 

 Mistletoe (Misseltoe, Miseltoe, Miselto), European Mistletoe-,; 

 Ger. Mistel, Eichenmistel*; Fr. Gui de chene, Gillon; Sp. 

 Visco, Muerdago. Branches, Stipites visci, Lignum visci^ 

 antispasmodic, uterine stimulant; source of bird-lime. 



