SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR. 399 



2132. XANTHOCEPHALUM, Willd, Compositae. 



From Greek, * 'yellow head". Syn. Gutierrezia, in part. 

 Herbs, some shrubby, with small flower-heads (yellow). About 

 10 species, mostly of Mexico; 3 in southern U. S. 



2133. XANTH0RRH6EA, Smith. Black-boy tree. Liliaceae. 

 From Greek, * 'yellow exudate". Robust plants, somewhat 



resembling Yucca, with the small flowers in a dense cylindrical 

 spike. About 12 species, Australia. 



a. X. arborea R. Br. Australia. Black-boy tree. Resinous exu- 



date, Black-boy gum, red, like dragon's blood. 



b. X. hastilis R. Br. Australia, Grass Gum-tree, Grass-tree, Yel- 



low-gum tree. Fragrant yellow resinous exudate, Botany-bay 

 resin, Acaroid resin or gum, antispasmodic, carminative. 



2134. X ANTHORRHIZA, L.Her.(Zanthorrhiza).Ranunciilaceae. 



From Greek, ''yellow root". Low shrubby perennial with 

 yellow wood. One species, viz. (a) X. apiifolia L'Her. (X. 

 simplicissima Marsh. ) . New York to Florida. Shrub Yellow- 

 root, Parsley-leaved Yellowwort, Yellow- wood. Rhizome and 

 root, bitter, tonic. 



2136. XANTH0S6mA, Schott. Blue Eddoes. Araceae. 

 From Greek, yellow body". Herbs from a tuberous or 

 thickened root-stock. About 20 species, tropical America; I 

 in U. S. (a) X. sagittifoliuiii Schott. West Indies to south- 

 ern Florida. Tannier (Tanier), Blue or Nut Eddoes. Tubers 

 farinaceous, esculent, resembling Taro. 



2136 XANTHOXYLUM, L.1753. (Zanthoxylum). Rutaceae. 



From Greek, "yellow wood". Syn. Zanthoxylon, Walt., 



Fagara, L. 1759., Pterota, P. Br. 1756; Fagarastrum, in part. 



Trees or shrubs with odd-pinnate leaves. About 110 species, 



temperate and warm regions; 6 in U. S. 



a. X. alatum Roxb. of India, and (b) X. piperitum DO. of 



Japan (Japanese Pepper), produce pungently aromatic fruits 

 used as condiments. 



•c. X. Americdnuni Mill. (X. fraxineum Willd.). Canada, south 

 to Virginia and Missouri. Prickly Ash, Northern Prickly 

 Ash, Angelica-tree, Pellitory bark, Suter-berry, Toothache- 

 tree, Toothache-bush, Yellow-wood; Ger. Zahnwehrinde, Zahn- 

 wehholz; Fr. Clavalier, Frene epineux. Bark of this and of 

 (e); Xanthoxylura, U. S. P., pungent, sialagogue, alterative, 

 emraenagogue. Berries used to flavor beer, etc. 



d. X. Capeiise Harv. (Fagarastrum Capense G. Don). South 

 Africa. Wild Cardamom. Fruit aromatic, carminative. 



■e. X. CMva-Herculis L, (X. CarolinianumLam. ). Southeastern 

 U. S. Southern Prickly Ash. Sea Ash, Hercules'-club, Yellow- 

 Hercules, Pepper- wood, Wild Orange*, Yellow Prickly Ash, 

 Yellow-wood, Prickly or West Indian Yellow-wood, German 

 and French synonyms and properties of (c). This plant has 

 been popularly confounded with 170 (f) q. v. 



