M 198 



Art. 7. Scieiilitic naines are in latin for ail fjroujis. Wlien Iaken fioni 

 anotlier language. a latin terniination is givcn tlicni, cxcept in cases sanctioned iiv 

 ciistoin. If tianslated into a modem iangiiage. it is désirable that tliey slioulil juc- 

 serve as great a reseniblancc as possible to tlie original latin nanies. 



Art. 8. Nomenclature comprises two catégories of names: 1. Nanies. or 

 ratlicr tonus, wliich express tiie nature of tlie groups comjireliended one within flie 

 otiier. 2. Names peculiar to each of tlie groups of plants that observation lias 

 Iliade knowii. 



Art. !•. The rulcs and lecommendations of botanical nomenclature apply to 

 al! classes of tlic ]ilant kingdom, reserving siiecial iiirangemeiits for fossil plants and 

 non-vascular iilants '). 



Chapfer IL On the inannoi' of designatiiift- the iiatiiro and tlie .subordination 

 of the groups wliicli constituto tlie plant kingdom. 



Art. 10. Every iudividual plant belongs to a species [species), every species 

 to a geiius (geims). every geniis to a family {/amilia) every family to an oi'der (ordo). 

 , every order to a class {classù), every class to a division {divisio). 



Art, 11. In many sjiecies we distinguish varieties (Tarir/as) and forins [foniiay. 

 and in sonie cultivated sjiecies. modifications still more numerous: in many gênera 

 sections {scctio), in many fainilies tribes [fribi(.s). 



Art. 12. Finally if circnmstances reqiiire us to distinguish a groator nunibpr 

 of intermediate groups, it is easy, by putting the syllable sub beforc the nanie of a 

 group, to form subdivisions of that group. In this way subfamily [sicbfainilia) dé- 

 signâtes a group between a family and a tribe. subtribe (stibtribus) a group between 

 a tribe and a genus, etc. The arrangement of subordinate groups niay thus be 

 carried. for wild plants only, to twenty-one degrees, in the following order: Regnum 

 vegetabile. Divisio. Suixlivisio. Classis. Subclassis. Ordo. Subordo. Familia. Sub- 

 familia. Tribus. Sulitribus. Genus. Subgenus. Sectio. Subsectio. Species. Sub- 

 siiecies. Varictas. Subvarietas. Forma. Individuum. 



If this list of groups is insufficicnt it can be aiigniented by tlie iutercalation 

 of supiilementary groups, so long as thèse do not introduce confusion or error. 



Exaniplc: Séries and Siibserïes aro croups wliicli ran lio inti'iTalatcd lictwoon suhsection 

 and species. 



Art. IM. The définition of cacii of thèse naiiios of groups varies, np to a 

 certain point, according to iudividual o])inion and the state of the science, but llioir 

 relative order. sanctioned by custom must not be altered. No classification is ad- 

 missiiile wliich contains such altérations. 



Exanipk's of inadmisNililo altérations are, — a fiinii dividod into varieties. a speeies containinp; 

 gênera, a genus eontaining faniilies or tribes. 



Il These special arrangements liave been reserved for tlie Congress of l'.llo. Tliey coni- 

 jirise: I. iules bearing on special points in relation to the nature of fossils or tho lower plants; 

 2. lists of nomina conservanda for ail divisions of ]ilants olhci' than l'Iianeropanis, 



