48 210 



takes place, and speaking generall.v wlieii a group changes its rank, fhe earliest name 

 (or combination of nanies) received by tlie group in its new position niust be regarded 

 as vaiid. if it is in confonnity with the rnles, unless there exist any of the obstacles 

 indicated in tlie articles of section 7. 



Kxam])los. — Thn section Campanopsis R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Ncv. Holl., p. 561 (1810) of the 

 j;oniis Campanula, was first raised to fjoneiic rank by S('lirador, and nuust lio called IVahh-nbergia 

 Schrad. Cut. hört. Gnett. (1814), not Campanopsis 0. Kuntzc AVt. (.'tit. IT, ]>. 378 (1801). - .Uai^iwiia 

 virgmiana L. \a.r. foetida L. Sp.pl. ud. 1, p. 530 (1753), raisod to s])ecific rank, must Ijc called .\/ag- 

 nolia grandiflora L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 1082 (1759) not Magnolia foetida Sarg, in Gard, and For. 

 II, 615 (1889). — Mentha spicata L. var. viridis L. Sp. PI., ed 1, )). 576 (1753) was raised 

 to the rank of a specics hy Hudson, and must be caHed Mentha spicata Huds. Fl. angl. ed. 1, p. 221 

 (1762) not Mentha viridis L. Sp. PI., ed. 2, p. 804 (1763). — Lvthrnm intcrmcdium Ledeb. {Ind. Hort 

 Dorp. [1822]), regarded as a variety of L. Salicaria L., must be called L. Salicaria var. gracilius Turcz. 

 (in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, XVII, 235 [1844]), not L. .Salicaria var. intcrmcdium Koehne (in Engl. Bot 

 Jahrb. I, 327 [I8S1]). In all these cases names which are in accordancc witli the old law of .Mphonse 

 de Candolle must givc \\\■M•^' to older names and conibinations. 



Becommendations. Authors who niake the changes discussed in article 4i( sliould note 

 the fdlliiwini; rcciiiiiiiiriKlatiiuis in Order to avoid a change of nanie in case of a change of rank: 



XZIX. 1 ". \\ liiMi a suh-tribe beconies a tribe, when a tribe beconies a subfamily, when 

 a subfamily becomes a family, etc., or when the inverse changes occur, do not alter the root of a 

 name but onlj' tlie terniination (-inae. -eae, -oideae, -accae, -ineae, -aies, etc.l, unless, in tlie ncw position 

 one of the obstacles indicated in the articles of section 7, supervones, or the new désignation becomes 

 a source of error, or there is sonie other serious reason agaiiist it. 



2". When a section or a subgenus beconies a geiins. or tbe inverse clianges take place, 

 retain tlie (ild nanies, unless this results in two gênera of )ilaiits liaving the same narae, or the 

 existence of two subdivisions of the same nanie in the saine geiiiis, or one iif tlie obstacles indicated 

 in the articles of section 7 supervenes. 



3°. When a subdivision of a species beconies a species or tlio inverse change occurs, retain 

 the original epitliets, unless this results in two species bearing the same naine in the same genus, or 

 two subdivisions bearing the same nanie in the same species, or unless any of the obstacles indicated 

 in section 7 supervenes. 



Section 7. On names that are to be rejected, changea or modified. 

 Art. 50. No onc is atitliorised to reject. change or niodify a naine uir com- 

 bination of nanies) because it is badly ciioscn, or disagreealile. or another is pre- 

 ferai)lo or better known, or because of the existence of an earlier homonym which 

 is universaliy regarded as iiou-valid, or for any otlier motive eitJier contestalilc or of 

 little im])ort. (See also art. 57.) 



Exaniples. — This rule was broken by the change of Staphylea to Staphylis, Tamus to Thamnos, 

 Mentha to Minthe, Tillaea to Tillia, Vincetoxicum to Alexito.xicon; and hy tho change of Orobanche 

 Rapum to O. sarothamuophyta, O. Columbariac to O. columbarihaercns, O. .4rtemisiae to O. artemisi- 

 epiphyta. AU these modifications (which are contrary to Art. 50) niiist be rejected. — The naine 

 Diplomorpha Meissn. in Regensb. Dcnkschr. III, 289 (1841) must not bc substituted for the generic 

 namc IVickstrocmia Endl. Prodr. fl. Norfolk., p. 47 (1S33) because of tlie earlier liomonynis 

 1Vi(c)kstroemia Schrad. Goett. gel. Anz., p. 710 (1821) and H'i{c)kstroemia Spreng, in Vet. Akad. 

 Handl. Stockh. 1821, \\. 167, t. 3, for the former is nierely a synonym of tlie genus Loplacea Kiinth 

 (1821) and the lattcr uf a subdivision of tho genus Eupatorium I>. (1753). 



Becommendations. See on tbe suliject of homonynis rocommendations V* and .\1V/" 

 whicii suggest that ca^e^ of tliis kind should be avoided for the future. 



