(332) 



Cornell established two stations also, one in hemlock and the 

 other in hardwoods. They were about two miles east of the 

 University, just below the general plateau level in a shallow 

 valley. The hemlock station was in a stand of over 90 per cent, 

 hemlock, the trees being from 12 to 24 inches in diameter at \}/2, 

 feet above the ground, and averaging 80 feet in height. The 

 only hardwoods, but not right at the station, were an ash and two 

 sugar maples. Around the instruments the forest floor was the 

 usual bare covering of needles, with practically no undergrowth. 

 The hardwood station was about 250 yards away on a moderate 

 slope with a general northerly exposure. The stand was com- 

 posed principally of fair-sized beech, white oak and sugar maple; 

 there were scattered hemlocks, but not nearer than 100 feet 

 from the instruments. The instruments were placed under a 

 beech tree. A hemlock seedling was found not far from the 

 instruments, and a little scattered hardwood reproduction, 

 with a sparse growth of herbs and shrubs on the leaf mat. It 

 is not unlikely that if protected from fire or other disturbance the 

 hemlock would seed in under the hardwoods and eventually form 

 a considerable if not a preponderant part of the stand. Thus this 

 hardwood forest may be a stage in the successional series leading 

 to the hemlock climax or to a mixture of hemlocks and hardwoods. 



The State College of Forestry station was selected with Dr. 

 Bray in a piece of virgin forest on the New York State Forest 

 Preserve near Cranberry Lake in the western Adirondack 

 Mountains. The forest is predominantly a mixture of beech, 

 yellow birch, sugar maple, and red spruce, with only a compara- 

 tively small amount of hemlock and an occasional group of 

 magnificent towering old white pines. Some difficulty was 

 experienced in finding a pure hemlock group containing a sufficient 

 number of trees close enough together to form a typical hemlock 

 canopy. Finally, however, a group of half a dozen very large old 

 trees was selected under which the forest floor was very much like 

 that in a typical hemlock forest. It was on a saddle of a small 

 ridge about 200 feet vertically above the lake, and about a 

 quarter of a mile from it. 



Records and Interpretation 



The New York and New Haven stations were established 

 shortly after the middle of April. The Cranberry Lake station 



