148. COMPOSITAE. . 205.- 



cup. Fruit a drupe. Endospefm fleshy. 1 genus 1 species. 

 SCAEVOLA L. . 



thunbergii E. & Z. (lobelia Murr). A common fleshy-leaved 



strand plant growing in the sand, often within reach 



of the sea. 



FAMILY 14S--COMPOSITAE. 



Mostly herbs and shrubs, but including every variety cf 

 growth form. Leaves usually simple, exst -palate. Flowers ar- 

 ranged in heads, surrounded by an involucre of bracts (rarely 

 spikelike or one flowered). Heads containing all hermaphrodite 

 flowers or several sterile (male) or consisting of central (disc) 

 hermaphrodite or male flowers and marginal (ray) female or 

 neuter flowers. Rarely heads unisexual. Calyx limb (pappus) of 

 scales or hairs. Corolla of united petals 3 — 5 lobed or strap- 

 shaped (ligulate) or wanting. Stamens usually 5 inserted on 

 corolla tube. Anthers connate, opening inwards. Ovary 1 celled, 

 inferior. Ovule 1 erect inverted. Style 2 cleft. Seed exendos- 

 permic. 95 genera 479 species. 



1. Flowers all ligulate (strap-shaped) (Cichorieae). 2. 

 Disc flowers tubular, with or without ray flowers. 8. 



2. Pappus plumose (bristles conspicuously feathery). 



90 HYPOCHAERIS. 

 Pappus of bristles smooth, rough, or shortly ciliate. 3. 



3. Fruit ending in a beak. 4. 

 Fruit not beaked, but sometimes narrowed at apex. 5. 



4. Fruit compressed. . 91 LACTUCA. 

 Fruit terete or angular, many ribbed. 89 CREPIS. 



5. Fruit much narrowed at top. 89 CREPIS. 

 Fruit not much narrowed at top. 6. 



6. Outer fruits transversely wrinkled or hairy. Inner fruits 



smooth and glabrous. Stem trailing- 92 LAUNAEA. 



Fruits all alike. Erect plants. 7. 



7. Fruits compressed. Branching herbs. 93 SONCHUS. 



Fruits terete or angular. Leaves usually all radical 



88 HIERACIUM. 



8. Styles of hermaphrodite flowers at or below point of division 



thickened or provided with a ring of long hairs. Involucre 



bracts in several rows. 9. 



Styles not thickened nor provided with long hairs at or below 



the point of division. 17. 



9. Outer flowers not strap-shaped. Anthers usually tailed. 10. 



Outer flowers strap-shaped. Anthers not tailed. 13. 



10. Receptacle with scales between the flowers. Flowers in clusters. 



82 PLATYCARPHA. 



Receptacle without scales, or if scales present, then flowers 



not in clusters. 11' 



