18 



DICOTYLEDONS 



Allied Families. 



^ 



Allied families are the Dipterocarpece to which some very common 



trees of our forests belong; viz., the Sal Tree {Shorea robusta; Kan. 



A sin a mar a; Mai. Sala; Tel. 

 Salamu); the White Dammar 

 ( Valeria indica; Kan. Dhupada 

 mara; Mai'. Payannumaram; 

 Tain. Yellaikunnrikam); Hopea 

 parviflora; Kan. Bovu; Mai. 

 Irubogam ; Tarn. Kongu); and 

 Hopea Wightiana; Kan. Kar- 

 mara, Hiribogi; iJ/a/. Illapoiigu; 

 Tani. Karam). In these trees 

 ( Valeria excepted) all or some 

 of the lobes of the calyx en- 

 large after flowering and act 

 as wings for the fruit. Hopea 

 Wightiana is attacked by an 

 insect producing in the axils of 

 the leaves a fruit-like growth 



which contains the larva of that insect. ^"'*"~*^^ 



The GutlifercB are another allied family, members of which are the 



Pinnay Oil Tree {Calophyllum inophyllum; Kan. Surahonne; Mai. 



Ponnakam ; Tain. Punnai), and Garcinia indica {Kan. Pv-nxirahuli, 



Murginahuli; Mai. Punampuli). 



Of the Violacece (Violet family) we mention the pretty little loni- 



diuni suffruticosum {Kan. Purusharatna; Mai. Orilattamara), the Sweet 



Violet ( Viola odorata) and the scentless White Violet of the Ghats 



{V. serpens). 



Fig. 15. — Winged fruit of Hopea Wiyhlimi'i. 



7. The Orange Family 



(Rutaceae). 



Trees and shrubs, with alternate leaves dotted with transparent 

 glands. Flowers radial. Sepals and petals four or five. Stamens 

 joined at their base into various groups. Ovary superior, syncarpous. 



The Citron {Citrus medica). 



(Plate No. 630.) 

 {Knri. Madavala. Mai. Madulangam. Tarn., Tel. Madiphalamu, San. Matulanga.) 



The fruit of this tree is a berry with about ten divisions 



