THE COMPOSITE FAMILY 



71 



1. Heads with the florets all similar and tubular: 

 The Ash-coloured Fleabane {Vernonia cinerea; Kan. Saha- 

 devi; San. Ardhaprasadaiia). 



The Purple Fleabane (Vernonia antJielmintica ; Kan. Kada- 

 jirige). 



The Saff lower (Carthamus tinctorius; Kan. Kusubi). 

 Elephantopuff scaber (Kan. Nelamuccala), the scabrid (or 

 rough) leaves of which appear in rosettes close to the ground at 

 the beginning of rains, and develop flowering and branched 

 scapes after the monsoon. 



Ageratum conyzoides (Km. Nayitulasi, Helukasa, Muguti- 

 gida), a weed frequently met with in gardens and smelling like the 

 leaves of the Tulasi plant. 



Sphaeranthus indicus (Kan. Karande), a prostrate weed that 

 covers rice-helds in the cold weather. 



Emilia sonchifoUa 

 (Kan. llikivi) with ly- 

 rate and hairy leaves 

 and violet flowers. 



Gnaphalium in- 

 dicum, Anaphalis ob- 

 long a, etc. 



2. Heads with the 

 florets all similar and 



Fig-. 73.— Le^ulate 



floret of Lettuce. 



a<. Ovary, h. Pappus. 



c. Lower (tubular) 

 part of corolla. 



d. Upper part of it. 

 e. Joined antliers. f. Style 



g. Free filaments. 



ligulate: 



Lactuca sativa, Let- 

 tuce (Kan. Hakkarike 

 paly a, figs. 73 and 74), 

 Sonchiis oleraceiis, 

 Sow-thistle (Kan. Na- 

 yi hakkarike). 



Launea pinnatifida, a small herb with stolons and yellow 

 flowers, found in the sand along the seashore. 



3. Heads with a ray of ligulate and a disk of tubular florets: 

 Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum; Kan. Sevantige), 

 a common pot-plant. 



Fig. 74. 



Fruit of Lettuce. 



a. Aclienium. 



b. Pappus. 



