272 



STRUCTURE AND VITAL PROCESSES OF PLANTS 



(septa), as in Aristolochia and Gloriosa, septicidal- In the Poppy 



and Osbeckia the capsules open by 

 pores at the top: they are porici- 

 dal; and in Portulaca a lid is de- 

 tached from the pod by circumsciss 

 d eh i scion. 



Fig-. 26 7. 



Porieidal 



capsule of 



Poppy. 



Fig. 266. — Septicidal 

 capsule vi Aristolocliia. 



Indehiscent dry fruits. 



These may be one-seeded or 

 many-seeded. A one-seeded fruit 

 is the grain of Rice or Maize: iu 

 this the thin pericarp 

 closely adheres to the seed. 

 Iu the achenium or nut 

 the seed is free from the 

 pericarp, which may be leathery as in the 

 Sunflower, or stony as in the Hazelnut. If 

 such a one-seeded indehiscent dry fruit pos- 

 sesses a membranous appendage to its peri- 

 carp, as in Butea frondosa 

 or in Ailanthcs excelsa, it is 

 called a samara. ^lany-seeded 

 dry indehis- 

 cent fruits are characteristic of 

 some families. They are called 

 schizocarps, because when ripe 

 each carpel with its seed separates 

 from its neighbouring carpels, as 

 in Sida (Malvaceie) and in Tula si 

 (Labiata'.) 



Fig. 268. 

 Achenium of Suu- 



flower (opened). 

 . Pericarp. ^'. Seed. 



Fi<;'. 26'.». — Samara 

 of Jiutea frondo.sa. 



Fig. 270. 

 Schizocarp of 

 Tuinbe. (Front 

 part of calyx 



rcinovpil.) 



Fleshy Fruits. 



Such are the drupes, in which 

 the seed or the seeds are enclosed 

 si I ell each. The Mango 



m a nar( 



or the Cocoanut is a one-seeded drupe, the (Joti'ea fruit a two- 

 seeded one, and the fruit of the Palmyra palm a three-seeded one. 



