690 Umbelliferae. 
petioled, oblong in outline, bipinnatipartite, with cut-toothed, prickly 
segments; the stem-léaves sessile, 3—8-palmatipartite into lanceolate- 
linear, cut-toothed, prickly divisions. Involucre leaves 5, linear- 
subulate, with 2 prickles at the base, and sometimes others along 
the margins, 3—4 times as long as the 8 mm long heads. — Flow. 
March to April. 
M. ma. Alexandria. — M. p. El-‘Arish; Karsa‘neh. 
Local name: tugge’. 
Also known from Southern Europe and Syria. 
379. (2.) Sanieula Linn. 
Calyx-teeth herbaceous, persistent, lanceolate. Petals erect, 
emarginate, inflexed with a long acuminate point, 1-veined, slightly 
imbricated in aestivation. Disk flat. Fruit ovoid, somewhat com- 
pressed laterally, with wide commissure, echinate with long prickles 
hooked at the end; ridges imperceptible; vittae 10, opposite the 
usual places for primary ridges; carpophore 0. Seeds semi-terete. 
— Perennial erect slender herbs. Leaves palmately divided with 
serrate mucronate obovate segments. Umbels irregularly compound, 
terminal; heads small; bracts narrow. Flowers usually monoecious, 
the outer flowers stalked and male, the inner ones subsessile and 
female. 
A genus of very few species, but widely spread over a great part of 
the globe without the tropics. They are all readily distinguished among 
irregular Umbelliferae by their burr-like fruit. 
975. Sanicula europaea L. Spec. Plant. I (1753), p. 339. — 
Boiss. Flor. Or. II, p. 832. — Rchbch. Ic. XXI, fig. 1847. — Root- 
stock short, almost woody. Radical leaves on long stalks, 2—5 cm 
diameter, deeply divided into about 5 palmate segments or lobes, 
each one obovate or wedge-shaped, dentate or lobed, the teeth 
ending in a fine point, and often ciliate at the edge; the whole 
plant otherwise glabrous. Stems 30—75 em high, leafless or with 
small trifid leaves or bracts under the branches of the panicle. This 
usually consists of 3 short branches, each with a single small head 
of flowers, with a longer branch lower down the stem bearing 3 
small heads, but sometimes there are more 3-headed branches 
forming an irregular umbel. At the time of flowering, the calyx- 
teeth almost conceal the petals; as the fruit ripens into little burrs 
of about 5 mm, the prickles almost conceal the calyx-teeth. — 
Flow. March. 
M. ma. Ramle (Muschler), recently introduced. 
Throughout Kurope except the extreme north, extendig eastward in to 
Central Asia and India, southward to South Africa. 
