Umbelliferae. 685 
M. ma. M. p. N.d. N.f. N. v. Cultivated often in gardens and 
scarcely naturalized. 
Common in Western and Southern Europe, the other places of Northern 
Africa, and in Japan. 
82. Umbelliferae. 
Calyx-tube wholly adnate to the ovary; calyx-teeth 5, often 
reduced so as to leave a raised line at the top of the tube, or 
obsolete. Petals 5, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube and alter- 
nating with its teeth, usually inflected at the tip, with impressed 
midrib and emarginate, sometimes unequal; connivent or somewhat 
imbricated in bud, rarely valvate. Stamens 5, inserted at the top 
of the calyx-tube, and alternating with the petals, glabrous; filaments 
slender, distinct, inflected in bud; anthers versatile, with 2 parallel 
cells dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2 (in ab- 
normal flowers occasionally 3), simple, glabrous, erect when young, 
diverging afterwards, usually persistent, often dilated at the base 
(stylopods), distinct from or confluent with an epigynous usually 
2-lobed disk, which is placed interior to the stamens. Fruit 2-celled, 
glabrous or covered with various kinds of hair, usually separating 
into 2 indehiscent 1l-seeded mericarps which are attached near the 
apex of their faces (or adjacent sides) to a central axis (carpo- 
phore), which usually splits and allows the mericarps to separate 
from their medial plane or commissure, or occasionally remains 
undivided. In some cases the carpophore is absent, and the fruit 
remains united at the commissure. The mericarps are usually 
marked by five longitudinal lines (primary ridges), 2 of which are 
lateral, corresponding to the external sides of the commissure, 1 
dorsal at the middle of the back, and 2 intermediate. Sometimes 
4 more lines (secondary ridges) appear on the mericarp alternating 
with the primary ridges, and even in some genera are more pro- 
minent than the latter. The primary ridges are not always equally 
developed, frequently the lateral ones are dilated into wings, and 
occasionally the dorsal one, while the rest remain less prominent. 
In most genera there are longitudinal lines (vittae), receptacles of 
aromatic or pungent resinous oil, either solitary or a few together 
inside, or interior to the pericarp alternating with the primary ridges, 
and also some on the commissural faces. Seeds pendulous from 
the point of attachment to the carpophore. Testa thin; albumen hard; 
embryo, minute, near the apex of the seed, straight; radicle superior. 
— Herbs, rarely shrubs, very rarely trees, annual, biennial, or 
perennial. Leaves alternate or rarely subopposite, frequently decom- 
pound, usually membranous; petioles sheathing or amplexicaul at 
