Caralluma. 757 
base, usually more or less bifid, sometimes so deeply that the whole 
corona (inner and outer) appears to consist of 5 trifid lobes; inner 
coronal-lobes incumbent on the backs of the anthers and not longer 
than them, or produced into erect connivent or recurved tips, with 
or without a dorsal tooth or horn near or at their base, where they 
are dorsally connected with the outer corona. Staminal-column 
arising from the bottom of the corolla, short; anthers horizontally 
inflexed or ascending, not appendaged. Pollen-masses horizontal or 
ascending, solitary in each anther-cell, pellucid along the inner 
margin or at the apex, attached to the pollen-carriers in pairs by 
short and rather slender caudicles; pollen-carriers with or without a 
wing-like expansion on each side, black or brown. Style not pro- 
duced beyond the anthers, truncate at the apex. Follicles narrowly 
fusiform, linear-terete or trigonous, smooth. Seeds crowned with a 
tuft of hairs. — Succulent perennial herbs, branching, leafless. 
Stems 3-—6-angled, thick and fleshy, obtusely tubercled or acutely 
toothed along the angles. Flowers in few or many-flowered fas- 
cicles or sessile umbels at the base, apex, or along the sides of the 
stems between the angles, small or of moderate size, pedicellate or 
subsessile. 
Species numerous, distributed throughout Africa into the South of 
Europe, and through Arabia into India. 
1058. Caralluma europaea N. E. Brown in Garden. Chronicle 
(1892) Il, p. 396. — Stapelia europaea Guss. Notiz. 1832 no. 37. 
— Supplem. Flor. Sic. Prodrom., p. 65. — Stapelia Gussoniana Jacq. 
ex Lindl. in Bot. Reg., tab. 5087. — Bucerosia europaea Hook. fil. 
Bot. Mag., tab. 6137. — Dwarf succulent plant, 12—30 cm high or 
sometimes more, of tufled growth, with numerous 4-angled glabrous 
stems, 1—1,75 cm thick, toothed on the angles, the teeth, bearing 
minute rudimentary leaves about 2mm long. The numerous flowers 
are disposed in hemispherical umbels about 5—9 cm in diameter, 
terminating the stems. The pedicels are from 2—-4 mm long, gla- 
brous, green, speckled with dull purple. The sepals are lanceolate- 
acuminate, minutely ciliate-denticulate, glabrous. The corolla is dull 
brownish purple, 2—2,5 cm in expanse, nearly flat, five-lohed to 
about half-way down, the lobes ovate-acute; the outer corona consists 
of five simple linear lobes, incumbent on the back of the anthers 
and adnate behind the sinuses of the outer corona; they usually 
have two slight longitudinal grooves, and irregularly three-toothed 
or subentire at the apex. — Flow. March to April. 
M. ma. Marmarica: Matruqa; Bir-el-Kadwa; Alexandria-West. 
Also known from Algeria, Tunisia, Cyrenaica, Western Marmarica, the 
islands of Lampedusa and Linosa, and South Spain. 
