Nicotiana. — Scrophulariaceae. 857 
stamens. Capsule subglobose, obtuse or emarginate, slightly longer 
than the calyx. — Flow. December to March. 
M. ma. M. p. ‘N. d. N.f. N. v. O. D. a. sept. Cultivated every- 
where and often subspontanous. 
Local name: dukhin akhdar; dukhan beledy butahugy. 
Native of South America. 
98. Scrophulariaceae. 
Flowers hermaphrodite, more or less irregular. Calyx inferior, 
persistent; tube campanulate or tubular or sometimes almost none; 
teeth, lobes or segments usually 5, sometimes 4, rarely 3, valvate, 
imbricate or open in bud. Corolla-tube campanulate, cylindric or 
ventricose or enlarged above, more or less curved or straight, some- 
times very short, in some genera with 1 or 2 spurs or sacs at the base; 
limb 5- or 4-lobed (rarely 3- or 6—8-lobed), with the lobes more or 
less equal and all spreading, or distinctly 2-lipped; upper lip entire, 
emarginate or 2-lobed, erect, concave or galeate, or sometimes flat and 
spreading; lower lip 3-lobed, usually spreading, sometimes gibbous at 
the base or with a palate closing the throat of the corolla; lobes 
variously imbricate in bud, not plicate, valvate or twisted. Stamens 
usually 4, didynamous, or 2, rarely 3 or 5, the fifth or uppermost quite 
absent or reduced to a staminode; filaments inserted in the corolla- 
tube or at the throat, filiform or slightly dilated, the lower ones some- 
times appendaged at the base; anthers 1- or 2-celled, free or coherent or 
approximated in pairs; cells similar or one smaller or sometimes larger 
and horn-like and sterile or nearly sterile; connective sometimes 
2-branched, each branch bearing a fertile cell or one branch with a 
fertile cell and the other with a disk-shaped appendage. Disk hypo- 
gynous, annular or unilateral, entire or rarely many-toothed, more or 
less prominent or in some genera obsolete. Ovary superior, sessile, 
entire, 2- (rarely 3- or very rarely 1-) celled; placentas central, adnate 
to the septum; style simple, entire or shortly 2-lobed at the apex, 
stigmatose at the clavate, narrow or capitate apex, or on the inside or 
margins of the lobes. Ovules numerous or several in each cell, rarely 
few, anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit superior, usually capsular, 
septicidal or loculicidal (sometimes both), or dehiscing by pores at the 
apex, rarely baccate and indehiscent. Seeds numerous, several or 
rarely few, sessile or nearly so; hilum basilar or lateral; funicle short, 
small or dilated; testa sometimes membranous and adpressed, pitted, 
reticulate, scrobiculate, many-ribbed or rarely smooth, sometimes 
loosely-celled and hyaline; nucellus covered by a thin integument; 
albumen fleshy, rarely thin or quite disappearing; embryo ussually 
