858 Scrophulariaceae. 
straight and scarcely shorter than the albumen; radicle turned towards 
the hilum. — Annual or perennial herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, — 
rarely trees, glabrous, variously pubescent, or glandular-viscose. Leaves 
opposite (especially the lower ones), alternate or verticillate, entire, 
toothed or variously lobed or dissected; stipules 0. Flowers axillary or 
in terminal racemes, spikes, heads or panicles, racemosely or cymosely 
arranged; pedicels ebracteolate or in some genera 2-bracteolate. 
Genera about 200; species about 2200, cosmopolitan, but most abundant 
in temperate regions. ‘I'he medicinal properties of the family are very various. 
A few species are purgative, others are adstringent or tonic, a far greater 
number are acrid and bitter or even poisonous. ‘The fox-glove (Digitalis) 
is the only one largly used medicinally, although many others are ocea- 
sionally employed. The family contains many handsome garden - plants, 
especially of the genera Calceolaria, Antirrhinum, Pentastemon, Mimulus, 
Digitalis, and Veronica. Most of the Egyptian genera have a wide distribution 
in both temperate and tropical regions. 
A. Aptosimeae. — Leaves all altermate or very rarely 
opposite. Corolla-tube widened into a long throat; 
lobes 5, flat, subequal, spreading, the two upper 
ones outside in bud. Anthers 1-celled by con- 
fluence. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves, 
the upper ones often racemose ......-.- + I. Anticharis. 
B. Verbasceae. — Leaves all alternate. Corolla rotate 
or shortly campanulate; tube very short, sometimes 
almost obsolete; lobes 5, broad the two upper- 
ones outside in bud. Anthers 1-celled by con- 
fluence. Flowers solitary or fascicled, in terminal 
spikes or racemes. ..-+.++-++-+-+-+ +. 2 Verbascum. 
C. Antirrhineae. — Leaves, the lower ones at least, 
opposite, rarely all alternate. Corolla-tube rather 
long, gibbous, saeeate at the base in front; limb 
2-lipped: upper lip outside in bud; lower lip often 
produced at the base into a palate. Stamens 4, 
rarely the upper ones without anthers; anthers-cells 
confluent or distinct. Capsule dehiscing by apical 
pores or valves. 
I. Corolla-tube spurred. . 2... - ee + ee 3. Linaria. 
Il. Corolla-tube not spurred... . .. + ++ 4 Antirrhinum. 
D. Cheloneae. — Leaves, the lower-ones at least, 
opposite, very rarely all alternate. Corolla-tube 
long or rather long, not saccate, gibbous or spurred, 
or only very slightly gibbous at the base; limb 
usually 2-lipped; upper lip outside in bud. Sta- 
