Scrophulariaceae. 
mens 4, rarely 2, the fifth upper stamens often 
represented by a staminode. Fruit a 2- or 4-valved 
capsule or baceate and indehiscent . . . - 
. Manuleeae. — Leaves, the lower ones at least, 
opposite or rosulate. Corolla-tube very often 
long, not saccate or spurred at the base; limb 
equally or nearly equally lobed, upper lobes outside 
in bud. Stamens 4, rarely 2; anthers 1-celled by 
confluence of the divaricate cells. Capsule 2- or 
4-valved . 
. Gratioleae. — Leaves, the lower ones at least, 
opposite Corolla-tube long or sometimes short, 
not saccate or spurred; limb nearly equally lobed 
or sometimes more or less 2-lipped; lobes usually 
flat, the upper one outside in bud (except in 
Lindenbergia, in which the lower lip is outside). 
Perfect stamens 4 or 2; anthers-cells distinct or 
subconfluent at the apex, rarely quite confluent. 
Capsule 2-or 4-valved. 
I. Stamens 4, didynamous, or the upper pair only 
perfect, the lower reduced to staminodes . 
II. Stamens 2—5, scarcely didynamous when 4, 
the lower pair always perfect, the upper 
either perfect, or reduced to staminodes or 
quite absent. 
a) Leaves opposite, sessile; calyx 4 —5-partite 
1. Anthers 1-celled . 
2. Anthers 2-celled . 
b) Leaves all basilar . 
. Digitaleae. — Leaves alternate or opposite. Co- 
rolla-lobes fiat, spreading or the upper-one 
suberect. Anther-cels closely contiguous at the 
tip and very often confluent usually divergent at 
the base, sometimes completely confluent. Herbs 
or sometimes shrubs . 
. Gerardiae. — Leaves, the lower ones at least, 
opposite. Corolla-tube long or sometimes short, 
not saceate or spurred at the base; lobes flat, 
usually spreading, one or both of the upper ones 
inside in bud. Stamens, didynamous or rarely 
equal, rarely 2; anthers equally 2-celled, some- 
times l-celled, sometimes with a fertile cell and 
a variously modified sterile or nearly steril cell; 
5. 
6. 
11. 
Scrophularia. 
Sutera. 
. Lindenbergia. 
. Herpestes. 
. Peplidium. 
10. 
Limosella. 
Veronica. 
