Cephalaria. 999 
109. Dipsacaceae. 
Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular or subregular, capitate. Calyx- 
tube tubular, adnate to the ovary at least at the base or narrowed 
at the apex into a neck adnate to the base of the style; limb 
superior, cup-shaped subentire or dentate, sometimes terminating in 
setaceous lobes. Corolla inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, gamo- 
petalous, tubular, more or less funnel-shaped, 4—5-lobed; lobes 
usually unequal, imbricated in aestivation; the outer corollas often 
radiate. Stamens 4, inserted on the corolla, alternating with its lobes; 
filaments (in Tropical African species) free, incurved in the bud, 
sometimes didynamous, 2 sometimes without anthers; anthers introrse, 
2-celled, deciduous; cells dehiscing longitudinally; pollen smooth, 
4-sided. Ovary 1-celled, included within the tube of the calyx; ovule 
solitary, pendulous, anatropous; style terminal, filiform, simple bidentate 
or dilated. Fruit 1-seeded, dry, indehiscent, within the tnbe of the 
calyx, surrounded by the involucel; seed inverted; testa thinly mem- 
branous; albumen scanty, fleshy; embryo straight, in the axis of the 
albumen, cotyledons subfoliaceous, radicle short, superior. — Annual 
biennial or perennial herbs or sometimes shrubby; stem and branches 
nodose-articulated; leaves opposite or very rarely verticillate, simple, 
entire dentate or pinnate-lobed, sessile and amplexicaul, often con- 
nate at the base or petiolate, exstipulate; heads involucrate or naked; 
each flower enclosed in a ealyx-like persistent involucel. 
An Order of rather small size found chiefly in the Mediterranean region 
and at the Cape of Good Hope. 
A. Calyx-limb subcyathiform or discoid . ..... 1. Cephalaria. 
B. Calyx-limb setose or pappose-plumose. 
ENG@alyx Geeiduods. MF pees Be Pe A) 2. Pterocephalus. 
ih) aryl pewitemt 50 ae ge i el 3. Scabiosa. 
527. (1.) Cephalaria Schrad. 
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; limb cup-shaped or disk-like. 
Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-fid; lobes somewhat unequal, of moderate 
length. Stamens 4. Ovary inferior; stigma obliquely dilated. — Erect 
perennial herbs without prickles or setae, and often elongated branches. 
Leaves opposite, entire dentate or pinnatifid. Flowers capitate, in- 
serted on a common paleaceous receptacle. Heads involucrate with 
imbricating scales shorter than the paleae of the receptacle. Invo- 
lucel 4-sided. ; 
A genus of several species, occurring chiefly in the Mediterranean region 
and at the Cape of Good Hope. 
Muschler, Manual Flora of Egypt. 59 
