950 
Compositae. 
ray-flowers when present ligulate and pistillate 
only, rarely neutral. Receptacle naked (not 
chaffy). Anthers nearly entire at the base 
(without tails). Branches of the style in perfect 
flowers flattened, tipped with an appendage. 
Leaves mostly alternate, 
a) Asterinae. — Heads homogamous and the 
flowers perfect or heterogamous and mostly 
radiate, yet several are discoid, or with merely 
filiform corollas to the pistillate flowers, 
but none dioecious. 
1. Rays numerous, almost always in a single 
series. Involucre imbricated. Style- 
appendages subulate or lanceolate, not 
long-bearded. Achenes mostly flattened. 
Pappus simple, copious . 
bo 
. Rays numerous, long and slender, or 
sometimes short, in one or more series. 
Inyolucre of numerous narrow and mostly 
equal seales, little imbricated, not herba- 
ceous. Style-appendages short and broad, 
mostly obtuse. Achenes small, flattened, 
commonly with a nerve or rib at each 
margin, rarely with one or more on the 
faces. Pappus simple or double; the outer 
when present of short bristles or chaffy 
seales; the other of capillary scabrous 
bristles as in Aster, but commonly scantier 
in a single series, and more fragile or 
deciduous . 
b) Conyzinae. — Heads heterogamous but never 
_ 
— 
radiate; the pistillate flowers in more than 
one series; their corollas a mere filiform 
tube, much shorter than the style; the perfect 
flowers with tubular 4—5 toothed corollas, 
much fewer in the centre of the disk. . 
Prangeinae. — Female flowers in 2—co-rows; 
flowers actinomorphous; corollas subulate 
or filiform; pappus 0 or nearly so, shorter 
than the achenes. 
1. Receptacle without bracts . 
2. Receptacle with bracts . 
4. Aster. 
5. Brigeron. 
6. Conyza. 
7. Grangea. 
8. Ceruana. 
