Compositae. 951 
IV. Inuleae. 
Capitula heterogamous, radiate or usually discoid 
with outer florets female and inner bisexual or 
sterile, or homogamous with all the florets 
bisexual and tubular, or rarely dioecious. In- 
volueral seales usually in many rows, rarely sub- 
2-seriate. Corolla of female flowers ligulate 
or filiform, of bisexual flowers regular tubular, 
shortly lobed. Anther-base sagittate, usually 
tailed; connective produced at the apex. Style- 
branches of the bisexual flowers narrow, more 
or less flattened above, rounded or truncate, 
not appendaged at the apex. Achenes various. 
Pappus usually setaceous or wanting. — Herbs, 
shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, 
undivided or rarely lobed. 
a) Plucheineae. — Bisexual. Involucral scales 
pluri- or pauci-seriate or rarely few scarious 
or herbaceous. Female florets, when present, 
filiform or narrowly tubular, not ligulate. 
Style branches of the hermaphrodite florets 
filiform not truncate; receptacle naked. 
1. Capitula separate, not crowded in com- 
pound heads!) «a0. "batt eateweee, >, agers, 
2. Capitula crowded in globose or oblong 
or ovoid compound heads. . ... .. 10. Sphaeranthus. 
Filagininae. — Involucral scales pluri- or 
pauci-seriate or rarely few, scarious or 
herbaceous. Female florets, when present 
filiform or narrowly tubular, not ligulate. 
Style-branches of the hermaphrodite florets 
filiform not truncate. Receptacle, at least 
about the circumference, paleaceous. 
b 
—_Z 
1. Female or all flowers without a pappus. 
a) Bisexual flowers without a pappus . 11. Evax. 
8) Bisexual flowers with a pappus. . . 12. Ifloga. 
2. Pappus of the bisexual and the inner 
female flowers of l- or 2-seriate bristles 13. Filago. 
3. Pappus of the female flowers double; 
the inner one long’squamiform, the outer 
ONG SLACOUSH femewe te ete = Pee eee 14 Grymnarrhena. 
¢) Gnaphalinae. — Involueral-seales pluri- or 
pauci-seriate or rarely few, scarious or 
