954 
Compositae. 
to the subtending chaff), never obeompressed 
(i. e. flattened parallel with the chaff). 
Pappus none, or a cup or crown, or of 2 to 
4 rigid awns or chaffy scales from the 
angles, with or without some intermediate 
small scales. 
1. Seales very narrowed ...... 4 
2. Seales broad. 
a) Rays female and fertile 
3) Rays neutral, or rarely none 
d) Coreopsidinae. — Heads as in the preceding 
subtribe, except that the chaff of the recep- 
tacle is flat or nearely concave and mostly 
deciduous with the fruit. Achenes all ob- 
compressed, i. e. flattened parallel with the 
subtending scales of the involucre and chaff 
of the receptacle; pappus of 2 to 4 awns 
or teeth from the angles, or none. Involucre 
in the most genera double, the outer loose 
and more or less foliaceous. 
1. Aristae with ascending setulae 
2. Aristae with descending setulae . 
— 
VI. Helenioideae. 
Heads«heterogamous with ligulate ray-corollas, or 
discoid and homogamous by the abscence of 
rays; the tubular disk-flowers perfect and fertile 
or rarely sterile. Receptacle never chaffy. 
Anthers without tails. Branches of the style 
in perfect flowers either truncate or tipped 
with an appendage. Pappus of several chaffy 
scales or sometimes of awns or rigid bristles, 
not rarely wanting. Leaves opposite, or all but 
the lowest alternate. Involucre of herbaceous 
or membranous scales, in one or two or rarely 
3 or 4 series. Corolla most commonly yellow. 
both in disk and ray. 
a) Heleninae. — Involuere of nearly equal or 
narrow scales in one or few series. Rays 
if any deciduous. No oil-glands. . 
b 
— 
Tagetininae. — Involucre of few or several 
equal scales in a single series, with or 
without some bractlets at the base, spotted. 
30. Eelipta. 
31. Verbesina. 
32. Helianthus. 
33. Coreopsis. 
34. Bidens. 
35. Flaveria. 
