949 Compositae. 
1366. Ambrosia maritima L. Spec. Plant. ed. I (1753), p. 988. 
— Aschers.-Schweinf. Ill. Flor. d’Eg., p.89 no. 553. — Aschers. Flor. 
Rhinocol., p.798 no. 142. — Boiss. Flor. Or. HI, p. 252. — Ambrosia 
senegalensis DC. Prodrom.V, p.523. — A eoarse annual, woody 
below, 30—90 cm high, whole plant usually very hairy and hoary, 
much-branched. Leaves ovate, bipinnatipartite, 2—6 cm long; seg- 
ments obtuse, sometimes toothed. Capitula subsessile, 3--5 mm 
diameter, 15—20-flowered, in dense spikes, male at the top and 
often female below, arranged in a pyramidal or corymbose terminal 
panicle, leafy at least below. Male involucres crenate, shortly hemi- 
spherical, hispid with up-curved scattered hairs; fruiting involucre 
somewat turbinate and angular, with 4—5 horns at the top. — Flow. 
March to April. 
M. ma. Abusir; Mariut; Behig; Alexandria-West and -Hast; 
Mandara; Abukir. — M. p. Rosetta; Damietta. — N. d. N. v. Often 
on way-sides and in waste places. — Q. Dakhel. 
Local name: nwnw (Ascherson); ghobeyra (Roth); damassena; 
demssissa; tentim; generally: demsis. 
Widely spread throughout the Mediterranean region. 
568. (28.) Xanthium Linn. 
Capitula unisexual, monoecious; staminate globose in terminal 
clusters; pistillate 2-flowered, chiefly axillary. Male capitula with 
few narrow involucral bracts; flowers numerous, sheathed by folded 
hyaline paleae; corolla 5-toothed; anthers free or nearly so, base 
obtuse. Female capitula with an ellipsoidal or ovoid closed gamo- 
phyllous aculeate involucre, 2-locellate and 2-rostrate; corolla 0; 
achenes solitary in each cell of the indurated prickly enclosing invo- 
lucre. — Coarse scabrid hoary or glabrate annuals, with alternate 
petiolate palmately lobed leaves. 
A small weedy genus widely spread in warm countries. 
(Acyl naxrmed! splantsiw i iii: Use teas ed “estate, sonore 1. X. strumarium. 
B. Plants with spines at the base of the leaves. . 2. X. spinosum. 
1367. (1.) Xanthium strumarium L. Spec. Plant. I, (1753), 
p. 987. — Xanthium strumarium var. antiquorum Boiss. Flor. Or. III, 
p-. 252. — Aschers.-Schweinf. Il. Flor. d’Kg., p.89 no. 551. — Aschers. 
Flow. Rhinocol., p. 798 no. 141. — Aschers.-Schweinf. Ill. Flor. d’Kg., 
Supplem. p. 761. — Sickenberg. Contrib. Flor. d’g., p. 246. — Xan- 
thium antiquorum Walbr. Beitr. Bot. II, p. 279. — Xanthium abyssini- 
cum Walbr. Beitr. Bot. II, p. 230. — Xanthium brevirostre Hochst. 
in Herb. Schimp. Abyss. III, no. 1958. — Stem branches and leaves 
