1026 Compositae. 
or more rarely acaulescent herbs with alternate often decurrent 
usually spinescent pinnately lobed or sinuate leaves, and terminal 
solitary or congested often large purple rose or white capitula. 
A large genus chiefly of the N. temperate zone of the Old World. 
A sHeads/2——b rsessile! ):0+ 5) 1 tia) cieemce te nen 1. C. pyenocephalus. 
B. Heads solitary, long peduncled. ...... 2. C. argentatus. 
1425. (1.) Carduus pycnocephalus L. Spec. Plant. I (1753), 
p. 1151, — Boiss. Flor. Or. HI, p. 520. — Rehbch. Ic. XV, tab. 133 
fig. 1. — Aschers.-Schweinf. Ill. Flor. d’Eg., p. 94 no. 597. — Aschers. 
Flor. Rhinocol., p.799 no.156. — Aschers.-Schweinf. Primit. Flor. 
Marmaric., p.655 no. 183. — Sickenberg. Contrib. Flor. d’Eg., p. 248. 
— Jacq. Hort. Vindob. I, p.17 tab.44. — An annual plant, 30 cm 
to 1m, or sometimes somewhat more; stem prickly and _ prickly- 
winged. Leaves oblong in outline, pinnatifid into oblong, angular, 
prickly-toothed lobes. Heads 2—5, crowded, sessile at the tip of 
a winged peduncle; middle and inner scales of the involucre 
lanceolate, the inner ones about as long as the flowerets boss of 
the achenes on a short and thick stalk. — Flow. March; to April. 
M. ma. Marmarica: Matruqa; Mariut; Montaza; Alexandria- 
West and -Hast; Mandara; Abukir. — M. p. Rosetta; Damietta; 
Tawil-es-sakham; Henwa; el-‘Arish. — D. i. Desert-el-Tih. 
Local name: lisin-el-kelb (Ascherson). 
Also known from the other parts of the Mediterranean region 
1426. (z.) Carduus argentatus L. Mant. (1771), p. 280. — 
Boiss. Flor. Or. I, p.522. — Jacq. Hort. Vindob. I, tab. 192. — 
Aschers.-Schweinf. Ill. Flor. @’Eg., p.95 no. 598. — Sickenberg. 
Contrib. Flor. d’Hg., p.248. — An annual plant, 30—50'cm high 
or sometimes somewhat more; stem and branches slender, wings 
narrow, sinuate-prickly. Leaves tender, pinnatifid-prickly. Heads 
solitary, on long, white, naked peduncles; intermediate scales of the 
involucre lanceolate-subulate, inner ones broad-lanceolate, acute, 
not as long as the flowers; boss of the achenes on a slender stalk. 
— Flow. March to April. 
D. i. Salihiya; Ismailia. — D. a. sept. Between Cairo and Suez 
in the deserts. 
Local name: shok ’antar. 
Also known from Greece, Palestine, Syria and Asia Minor. 
593. (53.) Cirsium Linn. 
Heads heterogamous; flowers all tubular. Involucre imbricated, 
scales terminating in spines. Receptacle chaffy. Marginal flowers 
