Cirsium. — Cynara. 1027 
sterile, central ones perfect. Filaments hirsute, free, anthers almost 
without appendages. . Achenes obliquely obovate, compressed, smooth, 
hilum basilar, oblique, chink-like, apex with an obsolete boss. Pappus 
feathery, in several rows of bristles united in a ring at base. — 
Spiny herbs. — Notobasis Cass. 
The largest and widest-spread genus among Cynaroideae, for although 
the species are chiefly European and Asiatic, yet there are also several from 
North America, and the common ones accommodate themselves readily even 
to a tropical climate. 
1427. Cirsium syriacum (L.) Gaertn. De Fructib. II (1791), 
p. 383 tab. 163 fig. 2. — Notobasis syriaca Cass. in Dict. Science. 
Natur. XXV, p. 225. — Boiss. Flor. Or. HI, p. 553. — Aschers.- 
Schweinf. Ill. Flor. d’Eg., p. 95 no. 599. — Aschers.-Schweinf. Primit. 
Flor. Marmaric., p. 655 no. 184. — Cnicus syriacus Willd. Spee. 
Plant. I, p.1683. — Sibth. and Smith Flor. graec., tab. 831. — 
Carduus syriacus L. Spec. Plant. I, p. 1153. —- Cirsium bracteatum 
Link in Linnaea IX, p. 580. — An annual plant, 30 cm to 1m 
high or rarely more; stem erect, branching above. Leaves glabrous 
at the upper surface, pubescent at the lower one, oblong, sinuate- 
lobed, lobes short, spiny-toothed; floral leaves with little parenchyma, 
pinnatipartite into stout, branching, narrow-margined spines. Heads 
ovate, 1,5—2,5 cm long; scales of the involucre lanceolate, appressed, 
somewhat spreading at the tip. — Flow. March to April. 
M. ma. Marmarica: Matruqa; old quarries near Behig. — N. d. 
N. f. N. v. D. a. sept. Often in sandy and waste places. 
Local name: shok (Del.); bawal (Schweinfurth); shok ’antar 
(Ascherson); shék hannash (Schweinfurth); generally: leklakh. 
Also known from Moroceo, Algeria, Tunisia, Tripolitania, Spain, Italy, 
Greece and Syria. 
594. (54.) Cynara Linn. 
Heads many-flowered, flowers all perfect. Scales of the in- 
volucre imbricated, leathery, ending in a spine. Receptacle mostly 
fleshy, honey-combed, fringed with bristles. Filaments free, terminal 
appendages of the anthers obtuse. Achenes obovate-oblong, some- 
what 4-angled, hilum at the base, apex scarcely margined. Pappus 
in many rows, feathery, united in a deciduous ring at the base. — 
Spiny, perennial herbs. 
A widely distributed genus, cultivated everywhere. 
A. Receptacle not fleshy. 
abllowers: bluev syeaitiee et filet -1G (ee Gk ae 1. C. Carduneculus. 
If. Flowers white. ... . She ise Feito, ehesers 2. C. Sibthorpiana. 
BeiKeceptacle fleshy . 9. 5 5s). .... eae ree weirs 3. C. Scolymus. 
65* 
