1028 Compositae. 
1428. (1.) Cynara Cardunculus L. Spec. Plant. I (1753), p. 1159. 
— Boiss. Flor. I, p.557. — Aschers.-Schweinf. Ilustr. Flor. d’Eg.. 
p. 95 no. 601. — Cynara horrida Sibth. and Sm. Flor. graec., tab. 834. 
» — Guss. Synops. II, p. 436. — Cynara spinosissima Presl Del. Prag., 
p. 109. — A perennial plant, 30—80 em high, or sometimes some- 
what more; stems fleshy sulcate-striate, canescent 1—5-cephalous, 
corymbose. Leaves glabrescent on the upper, canescent on the 
under surface, oblong in outline, pinnatilobed in oblong segments; 
capitula large, solitary, globose; scales of the involucre coriaceous 
broadly oblong-triangular, the lower ones abbreviate; the inter- 
mediate ones narrowed into an short acumen, the lowest ones 
scarious; flowers bluish; achenes oblong-subcompressed, obscurely 
tetragonous. — Flow. March to April. 
M. ma. M. p. N. d. N.f. N. v. D. a. sept. Cultivated and rarely 
subspontaneous. 
Also known from other parts of the Mediterranean region. 
1429. (2.) Cynara Sibthorpiana Boiss. and Heldr. Diagnos. 
Plant. Or., Ser. I fase. X (1849), p.94. — Aschers.-Schweinf. Ilustr. 
Flor. d’Eg., p.95 no. 602. — Aschers.-Schweinf. Primit. Flor. Mar- 
maric., p.656 no. 185. — Boiss. Flor. Or. II, p. 557. — Ie. Raulin 
Cret., tab. 15. — Cynara humilis Sibth. and Smith Flor. graec. IX, 
p. 25 tab. 835 not of Linn. — A perennial plant, 20—80 em high; 
stems small, araneous-canescent, monocephalous; basiiar leaves large 
as long as the stems, spinulous-petioled, glabrescent on the upper 
surface, on the under surface canescent, oblong, pinnatipartite in 
sinuate-oblong shortly spinose segments; stem-leaves few smaller; 
head very large; scales of the. involucre subtruncate at the base, 
coriaceous, glabrous, shortly narrowed into spines; the intermediate 
convex, canaliculate as long as the florets, lanceolate, scarious; 
flowers white. — Flow. March to April. 
M. ma. Mariut; Alexandria. 
Local name: kharshuf. 
Also known from Greece and Arabia Petraea. 
1430. (3.) Cynara Scolymus L. Spec. Plant. I (1753), p. 827. 
— Aschers.-Schweinf. Ilustr. Flor. d’Eg., p.95 no. 601. — Sicken- 
berg. Contrib. Flor. d’Eg., p.248. — Stems fleshy, striate, corym- 
bosely branched above; leaves very ample, bipinnatifid, the lobes 
acute but scarcely spinose, tomentose at least beneath; heads 6 cm 
or more wide; outer scales of the involucre with thickened obtuse 
or acute tips; the inner bracts with scarious tips; flowers blue. — 
Flow. March to April. 
