Launaea. — Sonchus. 1061 
M. ma. M. p. N. d. O. D. 1. D. i. D. a. sept. D. a. mer. Often 
in deep sandy places. 
Local name: hudan (Ascherson); huwry (Wilkinson); huwweyt- 
el-kilab (Klunzinger); helawan; shegeret-el-libbeyne; abad: huveywa 
(Schweinfurth). 
Also known from the other parts of the Sahara region and subtropical Arabia. 
1488. (9.) Launaea spinosa Sch. Bip. in Webb. and Berth. Canar. II 
(1847), p. 428. — Zollikoferia spinosa Boiss. Flor. Or. III, p. 826. — 
Aschers. Desf. [lustr. Flor. @’Eg., p.100 no.656. — Prenanthes spinosa 
Forsk. Flor. aeg.-arab., p. 144. — Sonchus spinosus DC. Prodrom. VI], 
p. 189. — Webb. and Berth. Can. Plant., p. 125. — Lactuca spinosa 
Lam. Dict. III, p. 408. — Rhabdotheca spinosa Spic. Gorgon, p.73. 
— A shrubby plant, 30—50 cm high, or sometimes somewhat more. 
Leaves linear, glaucous soon falling. Heads few, solitary, nearly 
sessile, oblong-cylindrical, few-flowered. — Flow. March to April. 
D. a. sept. Common in the Wadies on calcarious ground. 
Local name: kedad (Forskal); zagguey (Delile); kebad (Wilkinson, 
Schweinfurth). 
Also known from the Canaries, Morocco, Spain, Arabia Petraea and 
Palestine. 
616. (76.) Sonehus Linn. 
Involucre ovoid, with imbricate bracts, and usually becoming 
conical after flowering. Receptacle without scales. Flowers all ligu- 
late. Achenes flattened and striate, not beaked. Pappus of numerous 
fine bristles, usually soft and white. — Herbs either annual or in 
species not Hgyptian perennial or shrubby. Leaves alternate, usually 
toothed or lobed. Flower-heads small or large in loose corymbs 
or panicles. Flowers yellow or (in species sometimes separated from 
the genus) blue. 
A considerable genus, ranging over the temperate, regions of the northern 
hemisphere. 
A. Annuals. 
J. Leaves runcinate-pinnatifid to lyrate . .. . 1. S. oleraceus. 
IT. Leaves prickly-toothed. .'.)-.°. 055. 250.8 2. S. asper. 
B. Biennials or perennials. 
I. Achenes with retrorsely-ciliate margins . . . 3. 8S. glaucescens. 
Il. Achenes with broad and thick margins. 
a): eaves linear-oblengys toptefys fs 2) ena tis 4. S. maritimus. 
b) Leaves oblong-lanceolate ........ 5. §. arvensis. 
