1064 -  Compositae. 
1494. (1.) Lactuca scariola L. Spec. Plant. I (1753), p. 1119. 
— Boiss. Flor. Or. II, p. 809. — Rehbch. Ic. XIX, tab. 70. — Lactuca 
sylvestris Lam. Dict. II, p.406. — Lactuca coriacea Sch. Bip. Linn. XV, 
p. 725. — Erect glaucescent annual or biennial, about 30—90 cm 
high or sometimes up to 2 m. Stem simple up to the inflorescence, 
usually aculeate-setose below, terete, striate above. Stem-leaves 
erect-patent, obovate-oblong, undivided, sinuate-toothed or runcinate, 
sagittate-amplexicaul, sessile, subentire or aculeate-denticulate, 2 to 
9cm long or more. Capitula 8—15 mm long, on very short pedicels, 
in a cyme with spreading branches. Inner involucral bracts about 8, 
obtuse. Flowers about 11, yellow. Achenes striate, dark brown or 
greyish brown, hispidulous near the top of the body, which termi- 
nates in a slender beak of nearly the same length. Pappus white 
or nearly so. — Flow. March to April. 
N. v. N. v. mer. Cultivated and often naturalized. 
Widely spread over Europe, North India ete. 
1495. (2.) Lactuca saligna L. Spec. Plant. I (1753), p. 1119. 
— Boiss. Flor. Or. I, p.810. — Jacq. Ic. Flor. Austr., tab. 250. — 
Aschers.-Schweinf. Ill. Flor. d’Eg., p. 99 no. 646. — Rehbch. Ice. XIX, 
tab.69. — Lactuca cyanea C. Koch in Linnaea XXIII, p. 671. — 
Lactuca caucasica C. Koch in Linnaea XVI, p. 275. — An erect 
nearly glabrous glaucescent robust herb, 60—90 cm high or more. 
Stem terete, smooth, rigid, straight. Lower leaves pinnatifid- or 
sinuate-dentate; upper leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, usually undi- 
vided, margins quite entire or aculeate-denticulate, sessile, semi- 
amplexicaul, bi-auriculate, ranging up to 9 cm long, midrib smooth 
or nearly so, auricles. lanceolate, acute, ranging up to 1 em long 
or more, entire or denticulate. Capitula 5—8 mm long, on short 
or sometimes elongated bracteolate pedicels, in an elongated or 
diffuse cyme. Inner involucral bracts 8. Flowers 10-——15, yellowish 
Achenes dark reddish brown, 1-ribbed on each side, terminating in 
a pale slender neck about as long as the body. Pappus white at 
base. — Flow. December to March. 
N.d. N.f. N. v. D.i. D. a. sept. In waste and sandy places. 
Local name: \ibbeyn-esh-sheykh (Forsk.): generally libbeyn. 
Common in Europe and other parts of North Africa. 
1496. (3.) Lactuca orientalis Boiss. Flor. Or. IIT (1875), p.819. 
— Aschers.-Schweinf. Ill. Flor. d’Eg., p. 100 no. 647. — Phenopus 
orientalis Boiss. Voy. Esp., p.390. — A shrubby plant, 20—50 cm 
high or sometimes somewhat more, stems white, zigzag; branches 
rigid, short, prickly. at the tip. Lower leaves linear-lanceolate, 
