| Appendix VI: Glossary, 
Bark. The outer covering or rind 
of a stem. 
Basal. At, from, or relating to the 
base. 
Base. The end next the point of 
attachment or support; the lower 
end. 
Basifixed. Attached by the lower end. 
Basilar. See Basal. 
Beak. A prolonged tip. 
Beaked. Ending in a beak. 
Berry. A simple fruit of which the 
whole substance, excepting the 
seeds, is pulpy. 
Bi- or Bis-. A Latin prefix signif- 
ying two or twice, as bibracteate, 
with two bracts; bidentate, with two 
teeth; biternate, twice ternate. 
Biennial. A plant which lives only 
two years. 
Bifarious. In two ranks. 
Bifid. Two-cleft. 
Bilabiate. Divided into lips, as is 
the case with many gamopetalous 
corollas. 
Bilocular. Two-celled. 
Binate. Applied to leaves composed 
of two leaflets at the end of a 
common petiole, or to a single leaf 
almost divided into two. 
Bipartite. Divided nearly to the base 
into two parts. 
Bipinnate, Twice pinnate. 
Biserrate. Doubly serrate. 
Biternate. Twice ternate. 
Bisexual. Having both stamens and 
pistil, or corresponding organs (in 
cryptogams). 
Bladdery. Thin and ‘inflated. 
Blade. The expanded portion of a leaf. 
Bract. A leaf or modification of a 
leaf subtending a flower or flower- 
cluster, 
Bracteate. Having bracts. 
Bracteolate. Having bractlets. 
Bractlet. A secondary bract upon 
the pedicel of a flower. 
Branch. A division of a stem. 
Branchlet. A secondary or ultimate 
division of a stem. 
Bristle. A stiff hair or bristle-like 
appendage. 
Bud. The early rudimentary form of 
a stem or branch, or an unexpanded 
flower. 
| Callus. 
1207 
Bud-scales. The scales which form 
the outer coats of a leaf-bud. 
Bulb. A subterranean roundish body, 
formed of fleshy scales or coatings, 
essentially a rudimentary stem or 
leaf-bud, and at length developing 
a flowering stem and often leaves. 
Bulbiferous. Bulb-bearing. 
Bulblet. A small bulb formed in the 
axil of a leaf or bract. 
Bulbous. Producing bulbs; bulb-like. 
Caducous. Falling very early; not at 
all persistent. 
Caespitose. Growing in tufts somewhat 
in the same way as grass. 
Calcarate. Spurred. , 
Callosity. A thickened and hardene 
swelling on the surface of any organ. 
A eallosity or hard protuber- 
ance. 
Calycine. Relating to the calyx. 
Calyculate. Having an involucre re- 
sembling a second external calyx. 
Calyptra. In mosses, the hood which 
at first covers the capsule. 
Calyx. The outer envelope of a flower. 
Campanulate. Bell-shaped or cup- 
shaped, with broad base. 
Campylotropal, Campylotropous. App- 
lied to an oyule when one end has 
grown faster than the other, so as 
to cause the apex (or micropyle) 
to curve inwards and approach the 
hilum. 
Canaliculate. Channelled; having a 
longitudinal groove. 
Canescent. Hoary. with a grayish 
pubescence or puberulence. 
Capillary. Very slender and hair-like. 
Capitate. Subglobose and terminal, 
like a head; collected in a head. 
Capitellate. Diminutive of capitate. 
Capsular. Relating to or like a capsule. 
Capsule. A dry dehiscent fruit formed 
from a compound pistil; the fruit 
of mosses. 
Carina. A keel, a prominent longi- 
tudinal ridge along the middle of 
a convex dorsal surface; applied 
also to the coherent lower petals of 
a papilionaceous flower. 
Carinate. Keeled. 
Carpel. A simple pistil or one of the 
several parts of a compound pistil. 
