1208 
Carpophore. A prolongation of the 
axis between the carpels, as often 
in the Umbelliferae. 
Cartilaginous. Firm and tough like 
cartilage. 
Caruncle. An outgrowth or expanded 
appendage at the base of a seed; 
sometimes applied to an enlarge- 
ment of the rhaphe. 
Caryopsis. A seed-like fruit with the 
very thin paricarp adherent through- 
out to the real seed, as in most 
grasses. 
Catkin. <A scaly unisexual spike; an 
ament. 
Caudate. Having a tail or slender 
tail-like appendage. 
Caudex. The trunk of a palm or 
other arborescent endogen; or the 
persistent base of any herbaceous 
perennial. 
Caulescent. Having a manifest stem. 
Cauline. On or belonging to the stem; 
frequently applied to the leaves 
growing on the stem, as opposed 
to those springing from near the 
root. 
Cell. A cavity or separate inclosure, 
as of an ovary or anther; a minute 
sac or hollow structure, the unit of 
all cellular tissue. 
Cellular. Composed of such minute 
cells. 
Centrifugal. Developing from the 
centre outward, as in the cyme. 
Centripetal. Developing from the 
margin toward the centre, or from 
below upward, as in the corymb, 
raceme, etc. 
Cernuous. Nodding, usually indicating 
less inclimation than pendulous. 
Cespitose. Growing in tufts or turf- 
like; forming mats. 
Chaff. Smal dry scales, usually mem- 
branous or scarious. 
Chalaza. The proper base of an ovule, 
at a point opposite its orifice. 
Channelled. Having a deep longi- 
tudinal groove, like a gutter. 
Chartaceous. 
parchment or writing-paper. 
Chlorophyll. The green matter within 
the cells of plants. 
Chlorophyllose. Containing chloro- 
phyll. 
Having the texture of 
_ Coma. 
Appendix VI: Glossary. 
Ciliate. Having the margin, or 
sometimes the nerves, fringed with 
hairs. 
Ciliola, pl. Ciliolae. Diminutive of 
the next; in moses, the hair-like 
processes between the cilia. 
Cilium, pl. Cilia. A marginal hair; 
applied in mosses to the slender 
teeth of the inner peristome. 
Cinereous. Ash-gray, the color of 
wood-ashes. 
Circinate. Coiled from the tip into 
a spiral. 
Circumscissile. Dehiscing by a trans- 
verse circular line of division. 
Cirrhose. ‘Tendril-bearing. 
Cladode. A flattened branch simu- 
lating a leaf. 
Clavate. Club-shaped; enlarged gra- 
dually toward the summit. 
Claw. The elongated narrow base of 
a petal. 
Cleft. Cut somewhat deeply, usually 
about half-way to the centre or 
midrib. 
Cleistogamic. Producing flowers which 
never expand, and which are self- 
fertilised. 
Climbing. Rising by the aid of some 
support. 
Clustered. Collected near together. 
Coalescent. United; used properly in 
respect to similar parts, as the 
stamens in Malvaceae. 
Coated. Composed of coats or layers, 
as an onion. 
Coherent. The union of one part of 
an organ with other parts of the 
same organ, as when petals cohere 
to form a tubular corolla ete. 
Cohesion. The sticking together of 
parts, or their more intimate coales- 
cence or adnation. 
Collateral Side by side. 
Collum. In mosses, an obeconical 
thickening of the pedicel continuous 
with the capsule. 
Colored. Of other color than green. 
Columella. The persistent axis of a 
capsule. 
| Column. A body formed by the union 
of filaments (stamineal) or, in or- 
chids, of the stamens and _ pistil. 
A tuft of hairs, especially 
upon a seed. 
