Appendix VI: Glossary. 12238 
Spinescent. Ending in a spine or 
rigid point. 
Spinose, Spiny. Furnished with or 
resembling spines. 
Spinulose. Having diminutive spines. 
Spiricles. The microscopic spiral cells 
within the hairs upon the seeds or 
akenes of some plants (as Collomia), 
which are discharged and uncoil 
when wetted. 
Sporangium. Inthe higher eryptogams, 
the case which contains the spores. 
Spores. In ecryptogams, the minute 
bodies which are the result of fructi- 
fication and which correspond to 
some extent to the seeds of phaeno- 
gams, though without embryo and 
reproducing the plant only indirectly. 
Spur. A usually slender tubular process 
from some part of a flower, often 
nectariferous. 
Squamose. Furnished with scales. 
Squarrose. Roughened and jagged 
with projoctions spreading every 
way, as by the divaricately spreading 
ends of crowded leaves or bracts. 
Squarrulose. Diminutive of the last. 
Stamen. The pollen-bearing organ 
of the flower, consisting of an anther 
usually supported upon a stalk or 
filament. 
Stamineal. Relating to or consisting 
of the stamens. 
Staminiferous. Stamen-bearing. 
Staminodium. A sterile stamen or 
something taking the place of a 
stamen. 
Standard. The broad upper petal of 
a papilionaceous flower. 
Stellate. Star-shaped; radiating in 
fine lines from a centre, like the 
rays of an asterisk. 
Stem. The main axis of a plant. 
Stemless. Without manifest stem 
above ground. 
Sterile. Barren; not capable of produ- 
cing seed; a sterile stamen is one 
not producing pollen. 
Stigma. That portion of the pistil 
without epidermis through which 
the pollen-tabes effect’ entrance to 
the ovules, very variable in shape 
and position. 
Stigmatic. Belonging or relating to 
the stigma. 
Stings. Stinging hairs, seated upon 
a gland which secretes an acrid 
liquid. 
Stipe. The footstalk of a pistil raising 
it above the receptacle; in ferns, 
the naked stalk of the frond. 
Stipitate. Borne upon a stipe. 
Stipular. Belonging to stipules. 
Stipulate. Possessing stipules. 
Stipule. An appendage to the base 
of a petiole, very various in form 
and character. 
Stock. A caudex or rhizome; the 
persistent base of an herbaceous 
perennial. 
Stolon. A horizontal prostrate offshoot 
from the base of a plant. 
Stoloniferous. Bearing or propagating 
by stolons. 
Stoma, pl. Stomata. Microscopic 
openings or “breathing-pores” in 
the epidermis of leaves, etc., allo- 
wing interchange between the outer 
air and that within the leaf. 
Stomatose. Having stomata. 
Stone. The hard endocarp or putamen 
of a drupe. 
Stramineous. Straw-like or of a straw- 
color, 
Strap-shaped. See Ligulate. 
Striate. Marked with fine longitudinal 
lines or furrows. 
Strict. Upright and very straight. 
Strigillose. Minutely strigose. 
Strigose. Beset with short straight 
stiff and appressed sharp-pointed 
hairs. 
Strobile. An inflorescence formed of 
imbricated scales, as in the Hop 
and the Coniferae. 
Strophiole. An appendage at the point 
of attachment of some seeds. 
Struma. In mosses, a wen-like un- 
symmetrical thickening of the pedicel 
at the base of the capsule. 
Style. That portion of the pistil 
between the ovary proper and the 
stigma, usually attenuated, often 
wanting. 
Styliform. Style-shaped. 
Stylopodiwm. A cushion-like expansion 
at the base of the style in Um- 
belliferae. 
Sub-. In composition, somewhat or 
slightly. 
