1224 
Submerged. Growing under water. 
Subtended. Supported or surrounded, 
as a pedicel by a bract, or a flower- 
cluster by an involuere; fulcrate. 
Subulate. Awl-shaped. 
Succubous. Imbricated downward, the 
apex of each leaf covered by the 
base of the one above. 
Succulent. Fleshy and juicy. 
Sucker. A shoot from the underground 
base of a stem, or from underground 
roots or rhizomes. 
Suffrutescent. Somewhat or slightly 
shrubby; woody at base. 
Suffruticose. Low and shrubby. 
Sulcate. Grooved or furrowed. 
Superior. Growing above; a superior 
ovary is one wholly above and free 
from the calyx; in a lateral flower, 
nearest to the axis. 
Surculose. Producing suckers. 
Suspended. Hanging directly down- 
ward; hanging from the apex of 
a cell. 
Suture. 
cence. 
Sword-shaped. A blade with two thin 
acute edges, as in Iris. 
Symmetrical. Regular in shape or in 
the number of its parts. 
Syncarpous. Composed of two or 
more united carpels. 
Synonym. A superseded or unused 
name. 
A line of union, or of dehis- 
Tail. Any long and slender terminal 
prolongation. 
Teeth. Small marginal or terminal 
lobes of any kind. 
Tendril. A thread-like production 
from an axil, the extremity of a 
leaf, or elsewhere, capable of coiling 
and used for climbing. 
Terete. Cylindrical or nearly so; not 
angled nor channelled. 
Ternate. In threes; with three divisions. 
Ternate-pinnate. Ternate with the 
divisions pinnate. 
Tessellated. Chequered; like mosaic 
or chequerwork. 
Testa, The outer seed- coat. 
Tetradynamous. With four long and 
two shorter stamens; applied to the 
Cruciferae. 
Tetragonal. Four-angled, 
Appendix V1: Glossary. 
Tetramerous. Of a flower, having its 
parts in fours. 
Tetrandrous. With four stamens. 
Thalloid. Resembling a thallus. 
Thallus. In eryptogams, a cellular 
expansion taking the place of stem 
and foliage, very various in form. 
Thorn. See Spine. 
Throat. The orifice of a gamopetalous 
corolla or calyx; the portion of the 
corolla immediately below the limb 
or between the limb and the tube. 
Thyrse. A contracted or close ovate 
panicle. 
Tissue. The various forms of cellular 
and vascular structure of which a 
plant is composed. 
Tomentose. Pubescent with matted 
wool. 
Tomentum. Dense matted woolly 
pubescence. 
Tongue-shaped. Oblong and some- 
what fleshy, nearly flat, and rounded 
at the apex. 
Toothed. Provided with teeth. 
Top-shaped. Inverted broad-conieal. 
Torose. Swelling interruptedly; eylin- 
drical, or somewhat so, with con- 
strictions at intervals. 
Tortuous. Twisted. 
Torulose. Slightly torose. 
Torus. The receptacle of a flower; 
the apex of the flower-stalk, more 
or less modified to support the parts 
of the flower. 
Transverse. Across, from side to side. 
Tree. A woody branching plant, with 
erect trunk, ten feet high or more, 
Triandrous. With three stamens. 
Triangular. Three-angled. 
Trichotomous. Branching by threes. 
Trifid. Three-cleft. 
Trifoliate. 'Three-leaved. 
Trifoliolate. Having three leaflets. 
Trimerous. Having its parts in threes. 
Tripinnate. Three times pinnate. 
Triquetrous. Of a stem, ete., triangular 
with the sides somewhat concave 
or channelled. 
Triquinate. 'Ternate with the divisions 
again divided into five. 
Tristychous. In three vertical ranks, 
Triternate. Three times ternate. 
Trumpet-shaped. Tubular with a 
dilated orifice. 
