226 VERBENACEJE. [ Clebodendbon. 



the greater part of the year. Distrib. Throughout the drier parts 

 of India from the Punjab and Bengal to S. India and Ceylon, also in 

 Baluchistan. The roots are used in native medicine. 



2. C. serratum, Spreng. 8yst- Veg. ii, 758; Don Prod. 103; Brandts 

 For. FL 364; Ind. Trees 508 ; F. B. 1. iv, 592; Watt E. D.; Kanjilal For. 

 Fl. 266 ; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 543 : Praia Beng. PL 835 ; Cooke Fl, 

 Bomb, ii, 432. Volkameiia serrata, Linn.; Boxh. PI. Ind. iii, 62.— Vern. 

 Barangi (N. Oudh), ban-bakri (Jaunsar). 



A shrub 3-8 ft. high, or sometimes occurring as a perennial herb, nearly 

 glabrous. Stems bluntly 4-angular, often burnt down during the perio- 

 dical jungle fires. Leaves sessile or nearly so, opposite or sometimes 

 ternate, passing upwards into bracts, usually about 5-6 in. long , some- 

 times much longer, narrowly obovate-oblong or subelliptic, acute or 

 acuminate, usually coarsely and sharply serrate, glabrous when mature 

 or more or less pubescent beneath, base cuneate. Floicers many, conspi- 

 cuous, arranged in dichotomous cymes, the whole forming a lax more or 

 less pubescent subpyramidal panicle 6-10 in. long ; bracts sub-persistent, 

 obovate to lancelate, pubescent, often coloured. Calyx ^ in. long., cup- 

 shaped, hardly enlarged in fruit ; lobes minute, broadly triangular, 

 ciliolate. Corolla blue purple or white, 2-lipped, glabrous outside ; 

 lower lip large, often directed upwards by reason of the twisting of the 

 pedicels, usually purple ; tube | in. long., cylindric, the 2 upper and 2 

 lateral lobes f in. long., spreading. Filaments curved, very hairy at 

 their bases. Drupe about £ in. long broadly obovoid, rather succulent, 

 dark-purple when ripe. 



Common in the Sub-Himalayan tracts from Dehra Dun eastwards. 

 Flowers April- Aug. Distrib. Outer Himalayan ranges up to 5,000 

 ft., and on the Khasia Hills, and thence throughout Cent, and S. India 

 to Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula. The root, leaves and seeds are used 

 in native medicine ; the young leaves and the flowers are eaten as a 

 vegetable, and the Santals are paid to make use of the root for bringing 

 about the fermentation of their rice-beer. 



3. C. infortunatum, Linn. Sp. PI. 637 ; Eoyle III. 299; Brand. For. Fl. 

 363 ; Ind. Trees 507 ; F. B. I. iv, 594 ; Watt E. D. ; Kanjilal For. Fl, 267 ; 

 Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 543; Pram Beng, PI. 835 ; Cooke FL Bomb.ii, 

 432. Volkameria infortunata, Roxb. FL Ind, Hi, 59. — Vern. Bhant, karu 

 (Dehra Dun). 



A shrub up to 12 ft. high, often gregarious ; branchleta bluntly 4- 

 angular, clothed with yellowish- white pubescence. Leaves 4-10 in. long, 

 ovate, acuminate, entire or denticulate, sparingly hairy on both sides, 

 base cordate or rounded ; petioles 1^-4 in., cylindric, hairy. Flowers on 

 rather long, pedicels, arranged in peduncled cymes and forming a large 

 terminal panicle ; bracts leaf-like, deciduous. Calyx \ in. long- 

 (in flower), 5-partite, silky-pubescent, much enlarged in fruit ; segments 

 "broadly lanceolate, very acute. Corolla densely hairy outside, white 



