Vernonia | LXXI. COMPOSITA. 521 
pubescent or sometimes even tomentose ; leaves fasciculate, glaucescent- 
hoary, rather fleshy, rigid, obovate-spathulate, emarginate, subdentate ; 
capitula of a deep blue-purple colour, homogamous ; corolla tubular- 
campanulate, 5-cleft; the pappus remarkably developed before the 
opening of the flowers. Only near Alto das Cruzes above the city of 
Loanda, in rough steep situations, not abundant ; fl. and fr. middle 
of Dec. 1858. No. 3380. 
14. V. cinerea Iuess. in Linnea iv. p. 291 (1829); O. & H. in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 275. 
Conyza cinerea L. Sp. Pl., edit. 1, p. 862 (1753). 
Barra Do Benco.—An erect herb, with reddish flowers. At the 
banks of the river Bengo near Quifandongo, abundant ; fl. and fr. 
12 Sept. 1854. No. 3907. 
Icoto E Benco.—In wet places in palm-groves by the river Bengo 
near Panda ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. No. 3908. 
GoLuNnGo ALTO.—No notes. Fl. and fr. No. 3906. 
With this species must be compared Nos. 3309 to 3314, mentioned 
under V. undulata O. & H., some of which agree fairly well with a 
specimen in Herb. Kew. from Angola collected by Monteiro and con- 
sidered in the Flora of Tropical Africa iii. p. 276 as a form of the 
latter species or perhaps a new species ; they occupy an intermediate 
position between the two species with respect to the degree of acute- 
ness of the involucral scales, and there are almost corresponding forms 
in tropical Asia. 
15. V. undulata O. & H.in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 276 ; 
O. Hoffm. in Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 171 (1893). 
GoLtunco AtTo.—In neglected fields and by roadsides between 
Trombeta and Cabondo ; fr., most of the corolla having fallen, Sept. 
1854. No. 3311. A perennial herb, 1 to 2 ft. high ; rootstock rather 
woody, many-headed ; flowers very bright-purple. On sunny elevated 
declivities in Sobato de Quilombo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1855. No. 3312. 
A perennial herb, 14 to 2} ft. high ; root many-headed ; stem erect; 
corollas of a red-violet colour, soon deciduous. At the outskirts of 
primitive forests and in palm-groves, between Calélo and Trombeta ; 
fl. and fr. Sept. 1855. No. 3313. A perennial herb, 1 to 1} ft. high ; 
root woody ; stems several, erect from the middle, leafy when young : 
involucral scales lanceolate, acuminate-subulate, reddish, delicately 
pubescent, uninerved ; corollas prettily purplish ; achenes obcuneate, 
the younger ones subcompressed and more or less pilose ; pappus 
biseriate, always white, the outer row spreading, one-third as long as 
the hispidulous inner row. In fields after a crop of Arachis hypogea 
L. by the road between Sange and Camilungo; fl. and fr. July 1855. 
A form with the involucral scales a little more acute than in the type 
(O. Hofim., l.c.). No. 3314. A suffruticose herb, 3 to 5 ft. high ; 
rhizome woody ; stem at the base as thick as a man’s finger, soon 
patently branched; branches slender, elongated, scandent ; corollas 
violet-purplish. In the more elevated forests of Sobato Quilombo ; 
fl. and fr. middle of July 1856. A form with broadly ovate, remotely 
toothed leaves, ranging up to 2in. long by 1} in. broad. No. 3268. 
AmpBaca.—Flowers purple. In moist places on the left bank of the 
river Caringa ; fl. June 1855. A form with more oval-oblong leaves. 
No. 3309. 
Pungo ANDoNGo.—A perennial herb ; rootstock thick, many-headed ; 
stems cespitose erect or ascending, 1 to 14 ft. high ; involucral scales 
