536 LXXI, COMPOSITS. [ Vernonia 
solitary or a few together on short pedicels in axillary and com- 
pound erect terminal pedunculate narrow cymes ; bracts leaflike 
smaller than the leaves ; involucral scales pluriseriate, oblong or 
linear, obtuse, somewhat woolly on the back, straw-coloured and 
rigid below, + to 2 in. long, terminating in a thinner dark-coloured 
spreading or reflexed ovate appendage ; achenes } in. long, obovoid- 
oblong, with about 8 pallid-hispid ribs; pappus slightly reddish, 
almost straw-coloured ; the sete unequal, slightly compressed, 
ciliolate-barbellate. 
GoLunco ALTo.—No notes.. Fr. No. 3698. 
43, V. filipendula Hiern, sp. n. 
An erect perennial rigid herb, sometimes only 8 in. high, in 
other cases 1 to 3 ft. high; rootstock thick, woody, giving off 
long fibres some of which develop in their course at the distance 
of 1 to 2 in. an ovoid subligneous tuber more than an inch long 
and } to din. thick ; stems simple, striate, hispidulous-tomentellous, 
subterete below, obtusely angular above, leafy except the base ; 
leaves alternate, obovate-oblong or oblanceolate, subobtuse and 
shortly apiculate at the apex, wedge-shaped to the sessile or sub- 
sessile base, thinly and rigidly coriaceous, scabrid, and hispidulous, 
yellowish-green above, rather paler and more densely hairy 
beneath, 1 to 3 in. long, by + to # in. broad; denticulate or 
subrepand; capitula campanulate-hemispherical, many-flowered, 
2 to tin. in diameter, on scabrid hispidulous or somewhat woolly 
pedicels of + to 2 in. long in about a 2-headed terminal inflo- 
rescence ; pedicels with a foliaceous bract at the base and some 
linear hairy bracteoles at the apex about } in. long; involucral 
scales pluriseriate, linear or oblong, mostly with a purplish ovate 
thinner brittle adpressed obtuse or subobtuse minutely apiculate 
appendage, + to + in. long, the outer ones the shorter ; corollas 
bluish-purple, ? in. long when extended, narrowly tubular, 
gradually widened to the upper shining glabrous often spreading 
shortly 5-cleft upper part ; the lobes lanceolate, subacute ; anther- 
tube with rather finely-pointed tails at the base and lanceolate 
hyaline appendages at the apex; style-branches rather long, 
puberulous, pointed, the upper part exserted; young achenes 
short, dusky, marked with about 10 longitudinal rows of short 
whitish hairs; pappus straw-coloured, pluriseriate, setose; the 
sete somewhat flattened, ciliolate-barbellate, the other ones the 
shorter. 
Huitia.—In pastures among tall herbs, at Catumba ; fl. and young 
fr. April 1860. No. 3275. 
44, V. benguellensis Hiern, sp. n. 
An erect robust rigid herb, 3 ft. high; stem subterete, striate- 
suleate, puberulous, branched slightly scabrid and leafy above ; 
leaves alternate directed upwards and often folding longitudinally 
inwards, elliptical, more or less narrowed at both ends, not very 
acute, apiculate, subsessile, thinly and rigidly coriaceous, scabrid 
with short thick rigid pointed hairs and minutely scaly above, 
