10 FLOWERS OF THE WOODS AND COPSES 
over in a drooping position at night and when rain falls. This protects 
the pollen or the honey in all such drooping flowers. 
The sepals do duty for the petals. The stigmas are covered up in 
bud, and the stamens lie over them, but when the flowers open both 
are mature, and insects can touch either. They alight in the centre or 
on the sepals, and may touch anthers or stigma first, causing self- or 
cross-pollination. The drooping character of the flower also causes 
pollen to fall on the stigma. | 
Bees pierce the base of the flower and lick the pollen. The visitors 
are Hymenoptera of the genera //adectus, Osmia, Apis; Diptera, 
Scatophaga; Coleoptera, MWelgethes. 
The Wind Flower has the achenes dispersed by the wind, by the 
hairs, or by processes developed as a long awn or appendage, but not 
feathery, as in the Pasque Flower, to aid in dispersal by the wind. 
The Wild Anemone, which dwells in woods, is fond of humus, 
requiring a humus soil which is partly peat, partly humus. It is not 
addicted to a lime soil as a rule. 
A fungus, Uvocystis anemones, forms irregular swellings on the 
stems and midribs of the leaves. Puccznta fusca also forms small 
blackish pustules on the leaves. The Anemone Sclerotinia, Sc/evo- 
tinia tuberosa, Plasmopora pygmea, and cidium leucospermum also 
infest it. 
The Scarlet Tiger, Caldimorpha dominula and Adela degeerella 
are moths that feed on it. 
Anemone was the name given it by Dioscorides, from the Greek 
anemos, wind, and the Latin zemorosa means “of the woodland”. The 
English names in vogue are Bow Bells, Cowslip, Wood Crowfoot, 
Cuckoo-flower, Cuckoo-spit, Darn-grass, Drops of Snow, Enemy, 
Granny's Nightcap, Wild Jessamine, Moonflower, Neminies, Smell 
Foxes, Smell Smock, Soldiers, Undergrounds,. Wind Flower. 
“Doon i’ the wild enemies.” 
TENNYSON, Northern Farmer (Old Style). 
The plant is called Darn-grass in Scotland because it is said to 
give rise to a disease called Darn or black water, causing dysentery 
among cattle, a notion also held in Sweden. 
Their fragile blossoms were said to give shelter to fairies in wet 
weather, closing up. In Greece Anemones were used as garlands. 
The Chinese planted them over their graves. 
“ The winds forbid the flowers to flourish long, 
Which owe to winds their name in Grecian song.” 
