26 FLOWERS OF THE WOODS AND COPSES 
honey. The scent is strongest at a distance of 30 yd., as in the case 
of the Vine, and the flowers are much visited therefore by bees— 
though the flowers are not conspicuous—for the abundant honey 
which is held in the sepals at the base, and short-lipped insects can 
reach it. The flowers are drooping and thus protected from the 
rain, and the leaves above and the bract-like appendage also shelter 
them above. The stamens are numerous, and before the stigma is 
mature they shed their pollen, so that the flower cannot pollinate 
itself. It is proterandrous, the anthers ripening first. The stamens 
are taller than the sepals or petals, and curve outwards. Insects 
are bound to settle on the space between the anthers and stigmas, 
or on either of them. The stamens are bent out, away from the 
pistil, which occupies the axis, and self-pollination is precluded, The 
seed rarely ripens, it is said, in Britain, but it does so more than 
is generally supposed. 
The visitors are Hymenoptera (Apide, Sphegide) and Diptera 
(Syrphide, Muscidae, Tabanide), 
The Lime is adapted to wind dispersal like most trees; the stalk 
bearing the cluster of nuts, which hang down below a wide scale-like 
bract or leaflike organ, acts as a sort of aeroplane, and carries the 
seeds to a distance, the fruit not opening, 
This tree is a sand-lover or rock-lover, requiring a sand or rock soil. 
The Lime is infested by many fungi, 
A common fungus is Polyporus sulphureus, Evtophyes tie forms 
nail-like outgrowths on the leaves. Cec¢domyra telicola forms galls in 
the flower-stalks, Fungi of the genera Wectria, Psilocybe, Hypholoma, 
Flammula, Pleurotus, Collybia, Gleosporium, and E-xosportune infest it 
also. The beetles Rhyuchites betulett, Dorcus parallelepipedus, the 
Hymenopterous £7zocampa, the Lepidoptera Camberwell Beauty 
(Vanessa antiopa), Lime Hawk-moth (Smerznthus tila), Pale Promi- 
nent (Votodonta palpina), Marvel du Jour (JZiselea apritinus), the 
Hemipterous Phytocoris tile, the Homoptera Pterocolus tilie, As- 
pidiotus tiliz, and the Diptera Cectdomyia tela, Sciura telicola are 
found on the Lime. 
Tilia, Pliny, is the Latin for lime tree, and va/garzs denotes its 
universal occurrence. Lime is a variant of the old English 4d, which 
is a Teutonic root. The Lime is called Lenten, Lime Tree, Lin, 
Linde, Line, Teili, Til, Tile or Tilet Tree, or Tillet or Tillet-tree, 
White Wood. 
“Now tell me thy name, good fellow,’ said he, 
Under the leaves of lyne.” 
