34 FLOWERS OF THE WOODS AND COPSES 
where except in East Norfolk, Hunts, and only in Hereford, Warwick, 
and Salop in the Severn district; in Wales in Brecon, Pembroke, 
Cardigan, Carnarvon, Denbigh, and Anglesea. Elsewhere it is found 
in Leicester, Chester, Mid, West, and N.W. Yorks, Westmorland, and 
Cumberland. It is wild or well-established south of Yorkshire. It is 
rare in Ireland and the Channel Islands. Watson regards this with 
some hesitation as indigenous. The Wild Cherry, however, is a feature 
in some woodlands, notably in the south, where it occurs with other 
sylvan trees, such as Lime, Holly, White Beam, Mountain Ash, Way- 
faring Tree, Elm, Oak, Beech, Aspen, and others. 
This is an erect, branched tree, with shortly stalked, egg-shaped, 
lancelike leaves, which are smooth, dark bluish-green, spreading in two 
series in bud, scalloped, and toothed. The flowers are in shortly 
stalked umbels or clusters, the buds having rough outer margins, 
white, the petals blunt above, nearly erect, and the corolla is cup- 
shaped, the calyx-tube not narrowed from side to side. 
The petals have a short claw, and have a slight notch at the end. 
The fruit is globose, black or red, acidic and staining. 
The Wild Cherry Tree is distinguished by its lesser stature. The 
height is rarely more than 5-8 ft. The tree flowers in April and May. 
It is a deciduous tree, increased by grafting. It is evergreen in Ceylon, 
and in S. Europe retains its leaves some time. 
Anthers and stigmas ripen together, and spread far apart away 
from the centre of the flower. The stigmas overtop the inner stamens, 
but are only on a level with the outer stamens. In some plants the 
anthers are ripe first. The flowers last a week. If insects touch the 
stigmas and anthers with different parts of the body when they seek 
for honey cross-pollination may result, Insects collecting or feeding 
on pollen or honey indiscriminately cross- or self-pollinate the plant. 
When the flowers are oblique pollen may fall from the taller stamens 
upon the stigma. The Wild Cherry is visited by the Honey Bee, 
Bombus, Osmia rufa, Andrena, Rhingia, Eristalis, and Lepidoptera, 
such as Large White (Prers brassice), Small White (P. rape), 
Green-veined White (P. xapz). 
The fruit is an edible, bright-coloured, ovary wall or drupe, with a 
soft outer coat, luscious when ripe, and dispersed by birds, man, &c. 
The Wild Cherry is more or less a sand plant requiring a sandy 
loam, but also a lime soil and humus to a slight degree. 
The Garden Cherry is subjected to numerous ravages by fungi and 
insects, e.g. Exvoascus, Podosphera, Gnomonia, Plowrightia, Sclerotinia, 
Puccinia, Entomosporium, Corynum, Fusicladium, Cladosporium, Cerio- 
