42 FLOWERS OF THE WOODS AND COPSES 
May to June are the months when its flowers are at their best. 
It is a perennial, deciduous tree, propagated by seeds. 
When the flower opens, the stamens are not ripe. The outer are at 
first erect, the inner bend inwards, so that the anthers are below the 
stigmas, which are mature, and project in the centre of the flower. 
The anthers opening inwards are covered with pollen. The inner ones 
are bent down, when it is cold, below the stigmas. Even after they 
open, the outer ones stand above the stigmas incurved toward them. 
When there are no insects to visit them self-pollination takes place. 
The stamens are inclined away in warm sunshine from the stigmas, 
and the honey-ring is visible between and protected by hairs issuing 
from the base of the style. Insects dipping into the flower for honey 
touch the stamens and stigmas with the opposite sides of their heads. 
The small flowers are conspicuous because they are close, and honey 
is abundant and concealed at the base of the flower. The Rowan is 
visited by Apis, Andrena, Halictus, Helophilus, Eristalis, Rhingzia, 
Echinomyia, Onesia, Scatophaga, Sepsis, Myopa, Dilopha, Epurea, 
Meligethes, Byturus, Attagenus, Agriotes, Dilophus, Corymbites, Lt- 
monius, Cetonia, Melolontha, Malachius, Anespis, Microzoum, Phyt- 
lobius, Clytus, Adimonza. 
The fruit is dispersed by animal agency, being a fleshy pome, 
scarlet when ripe, and readily eaten and dispersed by birds. 
The Mountain Ash grows on rocky ground, being a rock-loving 
species and addicted to a rock soil, growing on soils derived from 
various formations, chiefly sand or older rocks. 
One stage of Gymnosporangium juniperinum grows on this plant, 
the second on the juniper. 
Leaves are galled by Evrzophyes aucuparie. The following fungi, 
Tympants conspersa var. malt, Sclerotinia fructigena, Gyninosporangtum 
clavarieforme, Pleurotus atrocerulius, Coryneum beyerinckiz, also 
infest it. 
The beetles Phyllobius maculicornis, Apion sorbi, Ptinella dentt- 
collis, Epurea florea, Byturus tomentosus, Phytodecta pallida, the 
Hymenoptera Crassus septentrionalis, Trichiosmia scolleri, and the 
Lepidoptera H/edya ocellana, Nepticula oxyacanthella, Semioscopis 
stetnkellertana, Gelechia leucatella, Argyresthia conjugella, A. sorbr- 
ella, Ornix scoticella feed upon it. 
The second Latin name is from azcefs, a fowler. Rowan is from 
the Norse razz. 
This plant is called Mountain Ash, Wild Ash, Caers, Care, Cock- 
drunks, Dogberry, Field Ash, Fowler’s Service, Witch Hazel, Hen- 
