54 FLOWERS OF THE WOODS AND COPSES 
The flowers are numerous, white or purplish, and more or less 
conspicuous. The pollen is abundant. There is also honey. The 
flowers are complete, and the anthers mature first. On some the 
anthers are rudimentary. The styles are turned back, and the plant 
is sweet-scented and attracts many insects to it, so that it has more 
chance of being cross- than self-pollinated. The insects that visit it 
are Syritla pipiens, fLelophilus, Eristalis, Pipizella, Tachina, Echi- 
nomyra, Mesembrina, 
Scatophaga, Lucila, 
Sarcophaga, Anthre- 
nus, Lvrichius, Tele- 
phorus, Coccinella, 
Melgethes, Athala, 
Tenthredo, Ichneu- 
mons, Crabro, Philan- 
this, Odynerus, Vespa, 
Andrena, Argynnis, 
and a Neuropterous 
insect Panovfa. 
The fruit, being flat- 
tened and margined, is 
blown away with ease 
by the wind. The fruits 
are semi-detached on 
ripening, and they may 
also be knocked off by 
passing animals. 
This plant is a 
humus-loving plant re- 
quiring a soil in which 
Ehetoc By Hanley there is a fair amount 
ANGELICA (Angelica sylvestris, L.) 
of humus. 
The fungi Plasmopora nivea and Protomyces macrosporus infest it. 
A beetle Lzvus turbatus, the Lepidoptera, Swallow Tail Butterfly 
(Papilio machaon), Triple Spot Pug (Z upithecia trisignata), Depressaria 
angelicella feed on it, and also Defressaria ciliella and Ccophora 
flavimaculella. 
Angelica, Brunfels, is Latin for angelic, the reference being to 
supposed properties of a magical kind, and the second Latin name 
refers to its woodland habitat. 
Angelica is called Ait-skeiters, Ground Ash, Ground Elder, Hem- 
