PRIMROSE 69 
part, when the insect next visited a long-styled form, would scarcely 
fail to come in contact with the stigma at the same level. 
The stigma in the long-styled form is round and rough, and the 
. I . . . . : 
pollen also is small, —— in. in diameter, whilst in the short-styled 
7000 
form the stigma is smoother and depressed, and the pollen larger, 
10-11 
7000 
form is placed on the stigma of the other form than if a flower is 
pollinated by pollen of the same form, even if from a different plant. 
The styles of the same form may slightly vary in length, but as a rule 
the styles are all or the same length. The two forms are not found on 
the same plant, but there are about equal proportions of each; and 
long-styled flowers are pollinated with pollen from a short-styled flower, 
and vice versa. In such a case pollination is termed legitimate, and 
better and more abundant seed is formed than by self-pollination 
(which may occur in the absence of insects) in the short-styled form, 
or illegitimate crossing of 2 short-styled or 2 long-styled forms. 
The capsule consists of 5 carpels and opens by 10 valves, the outer 
cells contracting, and when dry they are the more resisting; and the seeds, 
which are numerous, are shaken out when the valves open by the wind. 
The Primrose is a humus-loving plant, growing in humus soil, but 
is also clay-loving, and needs a clay soil as well. 
The leaves are attacked by Peronospora candida and Puccinia 
primule. 
Two beetles, Ausphalerum primule, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, a Thy- 
sanopterous insect, Zhrips primule, and several moths, Memeodbius 
/ucina, Clouded-bordered Brindle (Xylophasca rurea), Lesser Broad- 
border (Zrvphena janthina), Lesser Yellow Underwing (7: orbona), 
Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing (7. fimérza), Silver Ground Carpet 
(Welanippe montanata), Pola polymita, visit it. 
Primula, Matthiolus, is from the Latin przmus, first, referring to the 
early flowering, and Primrose from the earlier name Primerole. The 
second name denotes its common occurrence, i.e. formerly. 
The Primrose is known by several common names: Beef-and- 
Greens, Butter Rose, Jack-in-Box, Jack-in-the-Green, King-Charles- 
in-the-Oak, Lady’s Frills, Milk Maid, Petty Mullein, Oxlip, Plimrose, 
Plimrocks, Primet, Primrose, Primorole, St. Peter’s Wort, Summeren, 
Spink, May Spink, Spring Flower, Summerlocks. 
A legend relates how Bertha enticed a child by means of primroses 
to the door of an enchanted castle, and the ‘ key-flower” touching it 
in. The flowers produce more fertile seed if the pollen of one 
