76 FLOWERS OF THE WOODS AND COPSES 
pollen from another similar flower, and found it was then sterile. When 
he pollinated it with pollen from a flower of the other type it was fertile. 
Darwin found that when it is self-pollinated a few seeds are pro- 
duced. It is usually thus sterile to its own pollen, probably owing to 
abundance of insect visitors. When pollen from another similar flower 
of the same form reaches its stigma it is also sterile. The nutlets 
are dispersed around the parent plant when ripe. 
This plant is a humus- and clay-loving plant requiring both humus 
and clay. A moth, Axescychia puszella, feeds upon it. 
Pulmonaria, Gesner, is from the Latin AzdZyo, lung, in allusion to 
its reputed curative properties, and the second Latin name refers to 
the same usage. 
Lungwort is called Adam-and-Eve, Bedlam Cowslip, Beggar's 
Basket, Bottle-of-all-sorts, Bugloss Cowslip, Children of Israel, Spotted 
Comfrey, Cowslip, Jerusalem Cowslip, Virgin Mary, Cowslip of Bedlem 
or Jerusalem, Crayfery, Gooseberry Fool, Honeysuckle, Virgin Mary’s 
Honeysuckle, Joseph and Mary, Lady’s Milksile, Our Lady’s Milk- 
wort, Lady’s Pincushion, Lungwort, Mary’s Tears, Sage of Bethlehem, 
Sage of Jerusalem, Soldiers-and-Sailors, Spotted Mary, Spotted 
Virgin, Virgin Mary’s Milk-drops. 
The names Adam-and-Eve, Soldiers-and-Sailors are bestowed 
because of the versicolorous flowers. As to the name Virgin Mary’s 
Milk-drops there was a tradition that the spots were caused by drops 
of the Blessed Virgin Mary’s milk. An old woman was weeding in a 
garden when plants of this species were proposed to be turned out, 
whereupon she said, ‘‘ Do 'ee know, sir, what they white spots be?” 
‘“No, I do not.” ‘Why, they be the Virgin Mary’s Milk, so don’t ’ee 
turn ’em out for it would be very unlucky.” It was also said that from 
weeping, one eye which was blue became red, in allusion to the colour 
of the flowers. Bottle-of-all-sorts and Joseph and Mary refer also to 
the two colours. Cowslip Bugloss alludes to the resemblance to those 
flowers. Lady’s Milk Sile (or soil or stain) refers to the spotted leaves, 
as also does Lady’s Pincushion. 
The plant was called Lungwort because the spotting of the leaves, 
by the Doctrine of Signatures, suggested that the plant was good 
for lung disease. The plant has long been grown in gardens in a more 
or less sandy soil. 
EssENTIAL SPECIFIC CHARACTERS :— 
215. Pulmonaria officinalis, L.—Stem erect, leaves rough, spotted, 
1This happens more usually in the case of the short-styled form, when half the seed produced by 
legitimate pollination is formed. 
