86 FLOWERS OF THE WOODS AND COPSES 
leaf-stalks, oblong, heart-shaped, scalloped, blunt, sparsely hairy, the 
stem-leaves opposite, narrower, saw-like, turned back, with a turned- 
back margin. 
The flowers are in terminal spikes, oblong, purple, stalkless, in 
whorls, and the bracts or leaflike organs are as long as the calyx, 
which is shaggy within, with long teeth. The corolla has a projecting 
tube, incurved below. The nutlets (4) are three-sided and smooth. 
Wood Betony is 2 ft. high. The flowers bloom in July and August. 
The plant is perennial and 
propagated by division. 
The flowers are proteran- 
drous, that is, the anthers ripen 
first, or they may be homo- 
gamous, the stigmas ripening 
at the same time. The pistil 
is short at first but lengthens 
when the anthers have opened. 
The tube of the corolla is 7 mm. 
long, smooth inside where the 
honey is secreted, lined above 
with erect hairs. The corolla, 
where included in the calyx, 
is narrow, directed obliquely 
upwards, but horizontal beyond 
the calyx, and is constantly 
2 mm. wide, the under lip is 
divided into three half-way, 
ee ee acting as an alighting place, 
Photo. Dr. Somerville Hastings eae 
Magu serone (Stacks afianalts, Trev.) and the tip is narrowed. The 
tube is short, so that the en- 
trance is not wide at the mouth, and the tube is curved like a bee's 
proboscis. The anthers bearing white beads on their surface open 
when the flower expands, the stigmas are between them and just 
behind the short anthers. The divisions of the style are widely 
spreading, and covered with warts. The style lengthens the wider 
the anthers spread, and overtops the shorter ones in the process, be- 
coming smeared with pollen, but at length exceeds them, and is first 
touched by visitors with pollen from another flower, which is prepotent 
over its own pollen, though it can effectively pollinate itself. 
The flowers are visited by Volucella bombylans, Eristalis horticola, 
Zygena lonicere. 
